U B | J5 7 ^ 



/ 9 2-2. KEY FOR 

COMPLETION-TEST 
LANGUAGE SCALES 




PUBLISHED BY 

GTeartjers College, Columbia 2$mbcrsitp 

NEW YORK CITY 
1922 



KEY FOR 

COMPLETION-TEST 
LANGUAGE SCALES 



By M. R. TRABUE, Ph.D. 

Assistant Professor of Education 
Teachers College, Columbia University 



PUBLISHED BY 

©eatfjera College, Columbia Wlnfatvfiitp 

NEW YORK CITY 
1922 






Copyright, iqiq, 1022, by 
Teachers College, Columbia University 



OCT 23 72 



-Vv-» | 






For Elementary School and High School 



13 
16 
20 

23 
27 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Directions for Administering Tests 5 

Scheme for Scoring Sentences 10 

Language Scale B ' 

Language Scale C 

Language Scale D 

Language Scale E 

Language Scale F 

Language Scale J "] 1 30 

lSSES ISi. l *<* Hi gh school and Aduta ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;;; ; ; ; f 6 

Language Scale M J J 39 

Completion Exercise Alpha 1 For u Gradeg j 43 

Completion Exercise Beta J J 57 

Other Sentences Used in Original Study 7 1 

Calculation of Median Score in Language Scales 76 

Standard Scores on Language Scales 78 

Kelley's Arrangement for Individual Testing 80 

Difficulty Value of Each Sentence 89 



KEY FOR COMPLETION-TEST LANGUAGE SCALES 

i. Directions for Administering Tests 

If the class to be tested is a fourth grade or higher class, oral 
explanations will be sufficient. Below the fourth grade it will 
be desirable to distribute to each pupil the following practice 
sheet, before allowing any pupil to see the scale with which he 
is to be measured. 

PRACTICE SHEET 

Two and two are 

A boy is little, but a man is 

Girls and boys can run play. 

The boy has book. 

After passing one of these practice sheets to each child, make 
the following general explanations: 

I want to see if you can read what is printed on the little sheet of paper, and 
whether you can guess what words have been left out. Each little dotted line 
shows where a word was left out. If you can guess what word ought to be there, 
write it on the dotted line. Write just one word on each blank. Make each line 
say something. 

After making the above explanation, the teacher and the examiner 
should give assistance to any child who does not understand, seeing 
that each child learns what is expected. 

When the examiner is confident that each child has the correct 
idea of how to proceed, a copy of the scale to be used should be 
held up in full view of the entire class and the statement made 
that "This page is very much like the little sheet on which you 
have just been working, except that the last sentences on this 
sheet are very much harder." From this point the procedure 
is practically the same as that for the fourth and higher grades. 

In the fourth grade or above, or after the preliminary practice 
just described has been completed in a lower grade, the following 
oral explanation of the scale to be used should be made before 
distributing any papers: 

ORAL DIRECTIONS TO PUPILS 
This sheet contains some incomplete sentences, — sentences in which some of 
the words were left out. There is a blank in each place where a word should 
be written. You are to write one word on each blank, in each case writing the 
word which makes the most sensible statement. 

5 



6 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

You will have just seven minutes 1 in which to write your name and age at the 
top of the page and write the words that are missing. The papers will be passed 
to you with the face downward. Do not turn them over until I tell you to. 
After I tell you to start, remember that you are to write just one word on each 
blank and that your score depends on the number of perfect sentences you have 
at the end of seven l minutes. 

If there are no questions, the papers may then be distributed, 
care being taken that no child looks at the printed side until there 
is a paper upon the desk of each child and the following additional 
instructions have been given : 

After you have been working seven > minutes, I shall say, "The time is up. All 
stop writing!" You will all please stop at once and lay aside your pens (or pencils). 
Now if you are all ready, you may turn your papers, sign your names, put down 
your ages and your grade, and fill the blanks. Go! 

Take note of the exact time at which the signal to start was given, 
allow exactly seven minutes, 1 and give the command to stop writing. 
Collect all papers at once. It is very important that exactly seven 
minutes l be allowed. A stop watch is the most satisfactory means 
of keeping the time on a test of this sort. 

Grade each paper according to the scoring scheme shown on 
pages 13 to 42, and make a record of the total number of points ob- 
tained by each child. Tabulate the scores, and calculate the median 
for the class and the range of scores required for the middle 50 
per cent of the class, following the directions given in Section 3 of 

this pamphlet. 2 

Name 

Write only one word on each blank Grade 

Time Limit: Seven minutes Age (on last birthday) — 

LANGUAGE SCALE B 

1. We like good boys girls. 

2. The is barking at the cat. 

3. The stars and the will shine tonight. 

4. Time often more valuable money. 

5. The poor baby as if it were sick. 

6. She if she will. 

7. Brothers and sisters always to help other and 

should quarrel. 

8 weather usually a good effect one's spirits. 

9. It is very annoying to tooth-ache, often comes 

at the most time imaginable. 

10. To friends is always the it takes. 

x Or five minutes each with Scales J, K, L, and M. 

2 Tabulation blanks may be obtained from the Bureau of Publications, Teachers 
College. 



Directions for Administering Tests 7 

Name 

Write only one word on each blank Grade 

Time Limit: Seven minutes Age {on last birthday) 

LANGUAGE SCALE G 

1. The sky ...blue. 

2. Men older than boys. 

3. Good boys kind their sisters. 

4. The girl fell and her head. 

5. The rises the morning and at night. 

6. The boy who hard do well. 

7. Men more to do heavy work women. 

8. The sun is so that one can not 

directly causing great discomfort to the eyes. 

9. The knowledge of - use fire is of .... 

important things known by but unknown animals. 

10. One ought to great care to the right of 

...., for one who bad habits it to 

get away from them. 



Name 

Write only one word on each blank Grade 

Time Limit: Seven minutes Age {on last birthday). 



LANGUAGE SCALE D 

1. We are going school. 

2. I to school each day. 

3. The plays her dolls all day. 

4. The rude child does not many friends. 

5. Hard makes tired. 

6. It is good to hear voice friend. 

7. The happiest and contented man is the one lives a busy 

and useful .... 

8. The best advice usually obtained one's parents. 

9 things are - satisfying to an ordinary than 

congenial friends. 
10 a rule one - association friends. 



Note: Scales B, C, D, E, and F are for all practical purposes 
equal and interchangeable and may be used in the elementary- 
school and high school. Scales J and K are fairly well matched, 
and likewise Scales L and M differ very little in their difficulty. 
These four may be used in high school and with adults. 

All scales are printed on standard forms and may be purchased 
from the Bureau of Publications, Teachers College. 



8 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

Name 

Write only one word on each blank Grade 

Time Limit: Seven minutes Age (on last birthday) 

LANGUAGE SCALE E 

1. I see you. Can you see ? 

2. Ice is cold, but fire is 

3. The kind lady the poor man a dollar. 

4. The best to sleep is at night. 

5. Children should many lessons from parents. 

6. The child the river was drowned. 

7> It is a task to be kind to every beggar far 

money. 

8. Worry never improved a situation but has _ made 

conditions 

9. When one feels drowsy and , it happens that he is 

to fix his attention very successfully anything. 

10. In order clearly at it is to 

artificial 



Name 

Write only one word on each blank Grade 

Time Limit: Seven minutes Age (on last birthday) 

LANGUAGE SCALE F 

1. I like to go to 

2. Women — older than girls. 

3. The bird a song every morning. 

4. When the grows older he be a man. 

5. Children to pick 

6. All animals shelter during a 

7. The of your and mother is your brother. 

8. When two persons about which neither understands. 

they almost to disagree. 

9. want are often caused by 

10. The least difficult are by no always the most , 

are the tasks the most disagreeable. 



Directions for Administering Tests 

Name 

Write only one word on each blank Grade 

Time Limit: Five minutes A ge {on last birthday) 



LANGUAGE SCALE J 

1. Boys and soon become and women. 

2. The are often more contented the rich. 

3. The rose is a favorite because of fragrance and 

4. It is very to become acquainted persons who 

_ timid. 

5. Extremely old sometimes almost as care as 



6. One's in life upon so factors it is 

not to state any single for failure. 

7. The future of the stars and the facts of history are 

now once for all, I like them not. 

Name 

Write only one word on each blank Grade 

Time Limit: Five minutes Age (on last birthday) _ 



LANGUAGE SCALE K 

1. The boy will his hand if plays with fire. 

2. Hot weather comes in the and weather the 

winter. 

3. The poor little has nothing to ; he is hungry. 

4. Very few people how to spend time and to the best 

advantage. 

5. One not, as a , attention uninter- 

esting things. 

6. To eat one is is a pleasure. 

7 they us not, nature's are _ 

and unchangeable. 

Name 

Write only one word on each blank Grade 

Time Limit: Five minutes Age (on last birthday) _ 



LANGUAGE SCALE L 

1. Children are rude not easily win friends. 

2. Plenty exercise and air healthy and 

girls. 

3. In to maintain health, one should have nourishing 



4 happiness can not be with money. 

5. One's do always express his thoughts. 

6. To to wait, after having to go , 

very annoying. 

7. It is sometimes to between two of action. 

8. One can do his at one while of 

another. 



io Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

Name 

Write only one word on each blank Grade 

Time Limit: Five minutes Age {on last birthday) .. 



LANGUAGE SCALE M 

1. One can not foretell will happen in the 

2. The dog a useful because his intelligence and 

faithfulness. 

3. Many people their health because do not the 

of hygiene. 

4. Nothing can one's happiness effectively than a guilty 



5. To many things ever finishing any of them 

a habit. 

6. The seems and dreary a discouraged 

7 that are to one by an friend should be pardoned 

readily than injuries done by one is not angry. 

8. It is that a full-grown man should a ghost he is 



2. Scheme for Scoring Sentences 

The question of what should be called correct and what should 
be called incorrect in scoring the sentences as completed is a ques- 
tion upon which a great deal of time and worry may be spent. 
The important thing about scoring the sentences, however, is not 
that the scheme used shall be absolutely perfect, but that the scheme 
used shall be used consistently. 

These sentences might be used to measure a great variety of 
qualities in the individual completing them. For example, we 
might score altogether according to the correctness of the gram- 
matical forms used. On the other hand, we might ignore gram- 
mar and make these sentences test the child's understanding, 
scoring according to the child's grasp of the ideas suggested by the 
printed words. We might score according to the judgment shown 
or the truthfulness of the child's statements in the sentences as 
completed. Again, it might be possible to use these sentences as 
tests of memory for phrases, of richness of associations, of unity 
and clearness of expression, of aptness in the choice of words, of 
imagination, or of other characteristics. 

The scheme which has actually been used has not been any par- 
ticular one of the above possibilities, but simply a general combina- 
tion of all of them. In some cases one element may have predom- 
inated in causing a decision, and in other cases another element. 
The scoring plan found on pages 13 to 42 is given in order that it 



Scheme for Scoring Sentences 1 1 

may be perfectly clear just which combinations are allowed and 
which are not to be allowed in the scoring. The important thing for 
one to do is to be sure that he is making no great errors in judgment 
and to be consistent. The scheme shown should be used as it 
stands in order to secure uniformity and comparability. 1 

GENERAL SCORING SCHEME 

Score 2 
A score of 2 points is to be given each sentence completed per- 
fectly. Errors in spelling, capitalization, and punctuation should 
not be allowed to lower the score. 

Score 1 
A score of 1 is to be given each sentence completed with only a 
slight imperfection. A poorly chosen word or a common gram- 
matical error, which makes the sentence less than perfect and yet 
leaves it with reasonably good sense, should serve to reduce the 
score from 2 to 1 . 

Score o 

A score of o is to be given if the sentence as completed has its 
sense or construction badly distorted. A sentence must have 
reasonably good meaning and express a sentiment which might 
honestly be held by an intelligent person in order to receive a 
higher credit than zero. 

DETAILED SCORING SCHEME 

In those sentences having only one blank to be filled, any word 
appearing under the heading Score 2 is considered entirely satisfac- 
tory as a completion of the sentence. Those words appearing under 
the heading Score 1 are given half credit — a score of 1 — while words 
appearing under Score are given a score of o. The score of each 
sentence should be written on the test paper just under or at the 
end of the sentence. 

1 With the preliminary series, 5 points were given for perfect, 4 for slightly less 
than perfect, 3 for still less, etc. The present scheme (2-1-0) is practically the 
same as though the lower end of the older scheme (4-5-3-2-1-0) had been omitted, 
using 2 in place of 5, 1 in place of 4, and o in place of 3, 2, 1 and 0. With 40 
pupils in each grade, the correlation between the relative difficulty of the pre- 
liminary list of 56 sentences in the 6A grade and their relative difficulty in 1 the 8B 
grade was .965 by the 5-0 method, .962 by the 2-0 method now used, and .958 if 
everything now scored 2 and 1 were called "right," and everything else ' wrong. 



12 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

In those sentences where more than one blank appears, the first 
blank is indicated by the letter A, the second blank by B, the third 
by C, etc., and the words which fit the blank are listed after the same 
letter in a column appearing below the sentence. Various groups of 
words that may be used in these blanks have distinguishing num- 
bers, i.e., Ai, A2, Bi, B2, etc., which means that the score of the 
sentence is affected by the use of any word in one group, say Ai, 
in combination with any word in a subsequent group, say B2, etc. 
To indicate that full credit is given if any one of the words of group 
Ai in the first blank is followed by any word of group Bi in the 
second blank, and any word of group Ci in the third blank, the 
following notation appears under the italicized direction Score 2: 

Ai Bi Ci 

This device obviates the necessity of repeating an entire list of 
words for each instance in which the list may be used. In some 
instances a word which does not appear in any group may be used 
in a blank and is represented as follows : 

A: must Bi Ci Di (Scale B, sent. 7) 

In other instances a word from more than one group may be used 
in a blank, and is represented as follows: 

A2 . . . . Bi, B2 (Scale C, sent. 6) 

The lists given are not exhaustive, but they are suggestive of the 
way the scoring has been done. In many cases a different tense 
of the same word has not been recorded. Anyone using the scales 
will be called on constantly to make judgments upon new combina- 
tions, although the samples furnished under each sentence are varied 
enough to indicate by comparison about what value should be as- 
signed to any particular new combination. 



LANGUAGE SCALE B 

1. We like good boys girls. 

Score 2 

and, an 
Score i 

or, not, and good, also 
Score o 

for, with, said the, and the 

2. The is barking at the cat. 

Score 2 

dog, hound, pup 
Score i 

dogs, boy 
Score o 

man, cat, god 

3. The stars and the will shine tonight. 

Score 2 

moon 
Score 1 

light, planets, lights 
Score o 

dipper, stripes, clouds, city, sky, sun 

4. Time A often more valuable B money. 

Score 2 

A: is, was B: than 

Score 1 

A: seems, becomes B: than 

Score o 

A: are B: than A: is B: with 

5. The poor baby ... A as if it were B sick. 

Ai : cries, cried, acts, acted, lies, lay, looks, looked 

A2: suffers, suffered, appears, moans, sighs, lays, feels, behaves, was crying, 

groans 
Bi: very, getting, quite, extremely 

B2: feeling, nearly, dangerously, rather, almost, real, awfully, terribly, 
pretty, half, home, sea, bad, about, often, so 
Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score 1 

A2 Bi 

A 1 B2 

Score o 

A 1 B: not 

A: was Bi 

13 



14 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

6. She if she will. 

Score 2 

can, may 
Score i 

will, may go, can do well 
Score o 

does, works, goes, has, is, could, knows, might, plays, is good, can't 

7. Brothers and sisters A always B to help C 

other and should D quarrel. 

Ai : should 

Bi : try, strive, offer, seek, agree, endeavor, learn, aim, attempt, want 

B2 : consent, like, go, work, love, be ready, come, have, wish 

B3: expected, able, supposed, told, glad, happy, willing, eager, ready, bade, 

careful, good, apt, trying, together, best, needed 
Ci: each 
Di: not, never 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

Score 1 

A: must Bi Ci Di 

Ai B2 Ci Di 

A: are B3 Ci Di 

Ai Bi C: the, an, one, one an Di 

A: nearly B: have Ci Di 

A: ought B: to try Ci Di 

A: most Bi Ci Di 

Score 

A 1 Bi C: out, along, some Di 

A: can B: go C: one Di 

A: are B: ready C: one Di 

8 A weather usually B a good effect C _ 

one's spirits. 

Ai: Cold, Pleasant, Balmy, Frosty, Winter, Bright, Clear, Spring, Fair, 

Cool, Mild, Warm, Autumn, Beautiful 
A2: Summer, Good, Fine, Nice, The, Hot, Sunny, Calm, Rainy, Temperate, 

This, Such, Damp, Windy 
Bi: has 
Ci: on, upon 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

Ai B: had Ci 

A2 Bi Ci 

A 1 B: takes, produces Ci 

Score o 

Ai, Summer, Damp, Bad Bi, is C: to. in 

Ai B: makes, shows Ci 

A 1 B: gives C: to 

A: Bad Bi Ci 



Key for Scale B 15 

9. It is very annoying to A B toothache, C 

_. often comes at the most D time imaginable. 

A 1 : have 

A2: suffer 

Bi: a, the 

Ci : which 

Di : trying, unexpected, absurd, inconvenient, embarrassing, annoying, un- 
welcome, unusual, distressing, extraordinary, disagreeable, inoppor- 
tune, undesirable, unfortunate, unsuitable, unreasonable, objectionable 

D2 : horrid, awkward, terrible, critical, unpleasant, busy, strange, important, 
unthinkable, peculiar, unlucky, harmful, valuable, unlikely, unsatis- 
factory, unprepared, uncertain, awful, queer 

D3: unknown, pleasant, happy, joyful, worst, sudden 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

A2 B: from, with Ci Di 

Score 1 

A2, get, feel, bear Bi Ci Di 

Ai Bi Ci D2 

A2 B: from Ci D2 

Ai Bi C: for it, as it, and it, that, it Di 

Score o 

Ai Bi C: and Di 

Ai Bi Ci D3 

10. To A friends is always B the C it takes. 

Ai: have, make, win, gain, be, help, keep 

A2: see, satisfy, meet, greet, know, please, find, treat, visit, entertain, 

possess, obtain 
Bi : worth 

Ci: time, effort, trouble 
C2: endeavor, energy, pains, patience, work 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

A2 Bi Ci 

A 1 Bi C2 

Score o 

Ai B: for, worthy of Ci 

A: win B: better C: longer 

A: our B: given C: best 



LANGUAGE SCALE C 

1. The sky blue. 

Score 2 

is, was, became, turned, looks, appears, seems 
Score I 

got, is very, is not, has 
Score o 

are, light, very, dark 

2. Men older than boys. 

Score 2 

are, act, look, appear, seem 
Score i 

grow, were, is 
Score o 

be, see 

3. Good boys A kind B their sisters. 

Ai : are 

A2: were, must be, should be, will be, act, is 
Bi: to 

B2: with, toward, like, also, and 
Score 2 

A 1 Bi 

Score 1 

A2 Bi 

Ai B2 

A : and B : love 

A: think B: of 

A: do B: things for 

A: say B: words to 

Score o 

A 1 B: for, as, by 

4. The girl fell and her head. 

Score 2 

hurt, injured, bruised, cut, hit, struck, bumped 
Score 1 

knocked, came down on, crushed, fractured, broke 
Score o 

split, busted, on, bunked 

5- The A rises B the morning and C at 

night. 
Ai: sun 
Bi: in, during 
Ci: sets, sinks, disappears 
C2: falls 

C3: goes, leaves, lowers, sits, moon, never, goes down, set, not, descends, 
drops, dies, the moon, fades 

16 



Key for Scale C 17 



Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

A: temperature Bi C2 

A: boy, bird Bi C: sleeps, rests 

A: tide Bi C2, also 

Ai Bi C3 

Score o 

Ai Bi C: sometimes 

Ai B: every Ci 

6. The boy who A hard B do well. 

Ai : works, tries, studies, thinks 
A2: worked, tried, studied, thought 
A3: plays, hits, work, try 
Bi: will 

B2: can, may, does, shall, should, could, must, did 
Score 2 

A 1 Bi 

Score 1 

A 1 B2 

A2 Bi, B2 

A3 Bi 

Score 

Ai B: sometimes, surely, often 

A : did B : work did 

A: work B: did 

A: does. B: work 

7. Men A more B to do heavy work C 

women. 

Ai: are 
A2 : have 

Bi: able, competent, willing, inclined, apt, ready, likely 
B2: ability, strength, inclination, power 

B3: prepared, anxious, eager, liable, fitted, equal, accustomed, suited, satis- 
fied, fit, capable, used, adapted, wanted, required, taken, healthy, 

qualified, built, stronger, suitable, useful 
B4: ambition, energy, time, muscle, tools, right, business 
Ci: than 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

A2 B2 Ci 

Score 1 

A 1 B3 Ci 

A2 B4 Ci 

A: try, like, ought B: often Ci 

A: earn B: money Ci 

A: know B: how Ci 

A: need B: tools, money Ci 

A: appear Bi Ci 

Score o 

Ai B: made, asked, good, active Ci 

Ai B: useful, able C: for 

A: work B: hard Ci 

A: do B: thinking Ci 

A2 B: brains, work Ci 



1 8 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

8. The sun is so A that one can not B C 

D directly E causing great discomfort to the 

eyes. 

Al : brilliant, dazzling, radiant, bright 

A2: blinding, intense, strong, light, powerful, glary, hot, red, fiery, high 

Bi : look, gaze, stare 

B2: endure, bear, stand 

Ci: at 

Di: it 

Ei: without 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di Ei 

Score 1 

A2 Bi Ci Di Ei 

Ai B2 C: its D: rays Ei 

Ai Bi C: into, toward, towards Di Ei, unless, 

for, if 

A: low B: read C: a D: book Ei 

A 1 B: even C: look D: up Ei 

Score o 

A: warm, far, low Bi Ci Di Ei 

Ai Bi Ci Di E: because, thus 

Ai B: see Ci: it D: so Ei 



9. The knowledge of A B use fire is C of 

D important things known by E but un- 
known F animals. 

Ai: how 

Bi: to 

B2: proper, correct, careful, important, skillful, great 

Ci : one 

C2: considered, rated, thought 

Di : the, many, several 

Ei: man, men, us, mankind, people 

E2 : persons, scouts, humans 

Fi : to, by, among 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di Ei Fi 

Score 1 

Ai Bi Ci Di E2 Fi 

A: why B: we Ci Di Ei Fi 

A: when, having, the way Bi Ci Di Ei Fi 

Ai Bi C2 Di Ei Fi 

Ai Bi Ci D: most Ei Fi 

Score 

Ai Bi C: often Di Ei Fi 

A: the B2 Ci Di Ei Fi 

A: knowing B: how to Ci Di Ei Fi 



Key for Scale C 19 

10. One ought to A great care to B the right 

C of D , for one who E bad habits 

F it G to get away from them. 

Ai : use, take, exercise 

Bi: form, choose, acquire, gain, cultivate, develop, adopt, establish, learn, 

teach, begin 

B2: obtain, get, possess, use, have, pursue, make, lead 

Ci : sort, kind 

C2 : habits 

Di: habits 

D2: living, life, working, work, studying, study, speaking, speech, thinking, 

thought, learning, mind, procedure, action, attention, acting 

Ei: has, gains, contracts, forms, acquires 

Fi: finds 

Gi: hard, difficult 

G2: impossible, pays 

Score 2 

A 1 Bi Ci Di Ei Fi Gi 

A 1 Bi C2 D2 Ei Fi Gi 

Score 1 

A 1 B2 Ci Di Ei Fi Gi 

Ai B2 C2 D2 Ei Fi Gi 

A 1 „ Bi _ Ci Di Ei, gets, makes Fi G2 

A 1 Bi Ci Di Ei F: has, makes Gi 

A 1 Bi C2 D2 Ei F: has, makes Gi 

A: have, give Bi C2 D2 Ei Fi Gi 

A: have, give Bi Ci Di Ei Fi „ Gi 

A 1 B: be Ci D: person Ei Fi Gi 

A 1 B: begin C: way D: living Ei Fi Gi 

Ai B: do C: thing D: course Ei Fi Gi 

A 1 B: do Ci D: things Ei Fi Gi 

Score o 

Ai B: get C: start D: life Ei Fi Gi 

Ai B: do C: thing D: life Ei Fi Gi 



LANGUAGE SCALE D 

1. We are going school. 

Score 2 

to, through, toward, before, after 
Score I 

into, from, to the, as a, to go to 
Score o 

at, in 

2. I to school each day. 

Score 2 

go, come, walk, ride, drive, run, went, came, rode, drove 
Score I 

am, am going, like to go, was, have gone 
Score o 

like, to, going, study 

3. The A plays B her dolls all day. 

Score 2 

A: girl, child, baby B: with 

Score 1 

A: boy, girls, cat, dog, children, little girl, B: with 

Score o 

A: girl B: to, for 

4. The rude child does not many friends. 

Score 2 

have, make, gain, win 
Score 1 

deserve, find, know, acquire, possess, keep, greet, appreciate, accumu- 
late, help, please, obey, meet, get, see, play with 
Score o 

want, like, care for, need, has 

5. Hard A makes B tired. 

Ai: work, labor, play 

A2: traveling, tasks, luck, things 

A3: thing, bread, times 

Bi: one, people, you, him, her, me, men, women, them, us, folks, anyone, 

children 
B2: a man, minds, bodies 
Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score 1 

Ai B2 

A2 Bi 

Score o 

A3 Bi 

20 



Key for Scale D 21 

6. It is good to hear A voice B C friend. 

Ai : the 
A2 : your 
Bi: of 
B2 : from 

Ci : a, one's, your, my, another, some, his, her, any, their 
C2: one, an old, a true, the, an intimate 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

A 1 Bi C2 

A2 B: my C: dear, good 

A: her B: to C: her 

A: a Bi, B2 C: a 

A: your, her B: calling C: your, her 

A2 B: again, tonight C: my 

A: that Bi C: my 

A: Caruso's B: with C: his 

A: her B: said C: Mary's 

Score o 

A 1 B2 Ci A: a Bi, B2 C: year 

A: one's B: said C: his 

A2 B: with, than C: your 

A: his B: and C: his 

7. The happiest and A contented man is the one 

B lives a busy and useful C 

A 1 : most, best 

A2: well, brightest, richest, the, nice, truly, loveliest, strongest, healthiest, 

more 
A3: good, poor 
Bi: who, that 
B2: which 
Ci: life 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score j 

Ai B2 Ci 

A2 Bi Ci 

Score o 

A3 Bi Ci 

8. The best advice A usually B obtained 

C one's parents. 

Ai: may, can, will 

A2: is 

A3: might, could, would, should 

Bi: be 

B2: directly, that, correctly, freely, easily, readily, promptly, first, fully, 

soon, accurately, properly 

B3 : rightly, well, best, only, to be, better, willingly, fairly, cheerfully 

B4: always, often, not, also, being 

Ci : from 

C2: of, by, through 



22 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

A2 B2 Ci 

A: has B: been Ci 

Score i 

A3 Bi Ci 

Ai Bi C2 

A2 B3 Ci 

A2 B2 C2 

A: most, received B: is Ci 

A: one B: has Ci 

A: comes B: when Ci 

Score o 

A2 B4 Ci 

A: children B: have Ci 

A2 B: best, to be C: by 

9 A things are B satisfying to an ordinary 

C than congenial friends. 

Ai : Few 

A2: Many, Some, No, Good, Sometimes, These, More, Those, New, One's, 

Pleasant, Queer, Such, Ordinary, What 
A3: Kind, All, The, Small, Often, Flattering 
B 1 : more 
B2 : less 

Ci: man, person, child, mortal, individual, boy, girl, woman 
C2: friend, companion, stranger, people, acquaintance 
C3: child, boy, girl 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

A: Most B2 Ci 

Score 1 

Ai Bi C2 

A: Play Bi C3 

A2 Bi, B2 Ci 

Score o 

A3 Bi Ci 

Ai Bi C: one, condition 

Ai B: not C: man 

A2 Bi C: friend 

A2 B: quite Ci 

10 A a rule one B association C friends. 

Ai: As 
A2 : Although 

Bi: enjoys, prefers, likes, desires, welcomes, seeks 
B2: holds, keeps, cultivates, finds, chooses, wishes, loves, gains 
Ci: with 
C2: of 
Score 2 

A 1 Bi Ci 

Score 1 

Ai Bi C2 

Ai B: makes Ci 

Ai B2 Ci, C2 

Score o 

Ai B: chooses C: and 

A 1 B: keeps C: his 

A2 B: like C2 



LANGUAGE SCALE E 

1. I see you. Can you see ? 

Score 2 

me 
Score i 

the cat, men, us, it, I can, yes 
Score o 

play, run, you 

2. Ice is cold, but fire is 

Score 2 

hot 
Score i 

good, not, red, burning, warm 
Score o 

how, burned, cold 

3. The kind lady the poor man a dollar. 

Score 2 

gave, gives, offers, offered, paid, pays, took, sent, loaned, lent, handed, 
tendered 
Score 1 

found, lends, loans, hands, sends, takes, give, is giving 
Score 

finds, helps, owes, owed 

4. The best to sleep is at night. 

Score 2 

time 
Score 1 

hour, way 
Score 

place, bed, air, girl, boy, of all, go, thing, when, thing is 

5. Children should A many lessons from B parents. 

Ai : learn, take, receive, obtain, get 
A2: study, have, observe, know, obey 
A3: show, do, recite 
Bi: their 
B2: the, fond, kind 
Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score 1 

A2 Bi 

Ai B2 

Score 

A3 Bi 

A: have B: your 

23 



24 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

C was 



6. The child 


... 


A 


B 


the river 


drowned. 










Ai: fell 










A2 : went, 


sprang, jumped, 


waded 




A3 : swam, 


bathed, played, 


was 




A4: went 










A5: playing 








Bi: in 










B2: into 










B3: down, 


on, 


near 






B4: by 










B5: to 










Ci: and 










Score 2 










Ai .... 




... Bi, B2 


Ci 




A2 .... 




... B2 


Ci 




Score 1 










A3 .... 




.. Bi 


Ci 




A 4 .... 




... Bi, B3, B; 


5, Ci 





A: ran B2, B5, Ci 

A: played, sat B: near Ci 

A: who B: crossed C: yesterday 

A: who fell B2 C: soon 

A: was B: at, on Ci 

A5 B4 C: side 

A5 B: on C: bank 

A5 B: near C: accidentally 

Score o 

A4 B 4 Ci 

A: was B 4 , B5 Ci 

A: played B: at Ci 

A: goes B5 Ci 

A: swam B: through Ci 

A5 B4 C : today, nearly 

1* i s a -A task to be kind to every beggar B 

C for money. 

Ai: hard, burdensome, difficult, great, big, real, trying 

A2: philanthropic, charitable, heavy, bitter, noble, small, foolish, pleasant, 

good, little, bad, kind, worthy, mean 
A3 : daily, poor, fine, nice, friendly, easy 
Bi: who, that 
B2: which 

Ci : asks, begs, pleads 

C2: calls, cries, comes, seeks, wants, looks, wishes, works 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

A2 Bi Ci 

A 1 Bi C2 

Ai — B: when C: asked, he asks 

A 1 B: asking _ C: one 

A 1 B2 Ci 



Key for Scale E 25 

Score o 

A3 Bi Ci 

Ai B2 C2 

Ai Bi C: needs 

A: polite B: here C: asking 

8. Worry A never improved a situation but has B 

made conditions C 

Ai: has 

A2 : certainly, surely 

Bi: often, usually, always, generally, merely, undoubtedly, sometimes, 

only, certainly, slowly, probably, simply, repeatedly, surely 

B2: rather, really, ever, mostly, even, instead, just, indeed, helped 

B3 : never 

Ci: worse 

C2: serious, poor, change, poorer, bad, harder, miserable 

Score 2 

A 1 Bi Ci 

A2 Bi Ci 

Score 1 

Ai B2 Ci 

Ai Bi C2 

Ai B: always, gradually C2 

Score o 

Ai B3 Ci 

A: can, will B: often Ci 

Ai B3, Bi C: better 

A: should Bi Ci 

9. When one feels drowsy and A , it B happens 

that he is C to fix his attention very successfully 

D anything. 

Ai : dull, tired, stupid, weary, fatigued, lazy, indolent, sleepy, inattentive, 

ill, inert, indisposed, sick 
A2: weak, sad, bored, cross, is 
Bi : usually, generally, frequently, sometimes, often 
B2 : seldom, rarely 

B3: invariably, always, soon, just, then, so 
Ci: able 
C2: unable 

C3 : failing, able, slow, unfit, not able, too tired 
C4: trying, going, ready, liable, apt 
Di: on, upon 
Score 2 

A 1 Bi C2 Di 

A 1 B2 Ci Di 

Score 1 

A2 Bi C2 _ Di 

A2 B2 Ci Di 

A 1 B2 _ Ci D: to, at 

A 1 B3 C2 Di 

A 1 Bi C3 Di 

Ai B2 C4 Di 

A 1 B: never C: apt Di 



26 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

Score o 

Ai Bi C: never Di 

Ai B: generally C: made Di 

Ai B: often C: not Di 

Ai B: sometimes C: lazy Di 

io. In order A B clearly at C it is 

D to E artificial F 

Ai: to 
Bi: see 
B2: look 
Ci: night 
C2 : times, all 
Di: necessary, essential 
D2: better, best 
Ei: use 
E2 : have 

Fi : light, means, devices 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di Ei Fi 

Ai Bi Ci Di E2 F: light 

Score 1 

Ai Bi C2, sea Di Ei, E2 Fi 

Ai B: think C2 Di Ei, avoid Fr 

stimulants 
Ai B2 C: light Di E2 F: pro- 
tection 

Ai Bi Ci D2 Ei Fi 

Ai B: hear, speak C: times, first Di _ _ 

Ei, adopt F: means 

Ai B: understand, explain C: times Di 

Ei F: examples 

Ai Bi Ci Di Ei F: glasses 

Score o 

Ai Bi C: distance D2 E2 F: 

light 

Ai Bi C: once D2 E: try F: 

means 

Ai B2 C: something D; advisable E: 

remove F: aids 

Ai B: think C: times Di Ei F: 

means 



LANGUAGE SCALE F 

1. I like to go^to 

Score 2 

school, church, play, bed, mess, sleep, town, Chicago 
Score I 

see, war,^heaven 
Score o 

bad, today 

2. Women older than girls. 

Score 2 

are, appear, seem, look, act 
Score I 

were, grow, become, dress, is 
Score o 

be, see, do, make 

3. The bird a song every morning. 

Score 2 

sings, sang, sung 
Score 1 

will sing, sing, has, warbles, chirps, pipes, sings us, gives, gives us 
Score o 

likes, did, songs, song 

4. When the A grows older he B be a man. 

Ai: boy, youth, lad 

A2: child, son, baby, brother, man, boys 

Bi: will 

B2: may, must, can, shall, should, could, would, might, has to, is to, begins 

to, comes to 
Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score 1 

Ai B2 

A2 Bi 

Score 

Ai B: says 

Bi 

5. Children A to pick B 



Ai 
A2 
Bi 
B2 



like 

come, are, came, are not, go, likes, went, try, were, wish, have, ought 

flowers, berries, apples, fruit, daisies 

quarrels, playmates 

27 



28 



Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 



Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score i 

A2 ........ Bi 

A: climb, jump B: apples 

Ai B: flower, nuts 

A: try B2 

Score 

A: go B: stick 

6. All animals A shelter during a B 

Ai: seek, hunt, like, want, need, require, take 
A2: find, have, get, love, look for 
Bi: storm 
B2: shower, rain 
Score 2 

Ai Br, B2 

Score 1 

A2 B2, night 

A 1 B: winter 

A: need B: day 

Score 

A: are, will, do Bi 

A: have, shall B: year, day, summer 

7' The A of your B and mother is your brother. 



Ar 
A2 

A3 

£ 4 

Bi 
B2 



pleasure, pride, boy, child, support, love, care, children 
boy, reason 
girl, work 
father 



family 
Score 2 

A I ..... 
Score 1 

A2 ..... 
Score o 

A3 

A 4 



Bi 

Bi 

B2 
Bi 



8. When two persons A about B. 

understands, they C almost D. 



Ai 
A2 

A3 
Bi 
B2 
Ci 
Di 
D2 
D 3 
D 4 



talk, converse 

decide, ask, are talking, dispute, argue, speak 

fight, think, talking 

that, something 

things, matters, anything, objects, a subject 

are 

sure, certain 

bound, positive, ready, willing, apt, liable 

conclude, agree 

fit, always, very sure 



which neither 
to disagree. 



Key for Scale F 29 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

A 1 Bi C: seem D: always 

Score 1 

hi Bi Ci D2 

A2 Bi Ci Di 

Ai B2 Ci Di 

Ai Bi C: can D3 

A 1 Bi C: usually, will D: have 

Score o 

Ai Bi Ci D4 

A3 Bi Ci Di 

A: are B: something Ci D: ready 

....A B want are often caused by C 



Bi: and 
B2: of 

Ci: drink, ignorance, laziness, sickness, disease, neglect 
C2: selfishness, jealousy, indulgence, imagination 
Score 2 

A: Poverty Bi Ci 

Score 1 

A: Times B2 C: famine 

A: Cases B2 Ci 

A: Things B: people C2 

A: Need Bi C: pleasure 

A: People B: in Ci 

A: What B: girls C: variety 

Score o 

A: Health Bi C: laziness 

A: Horrors B2 C: obstinacy 

A: Hunger Bi C: cries 

A: Conditions B: in C: neglect 

10. The least difficult A are by no B always the 

most C , D are the E tasks F 

the most disagreeable. 

Ai: tasks, undertakings 

Bi: means 

Ci: profitable 

Di: nor 

Ei: hardest 

Fi: always 

Score 2 

Ai Bi C: pleasant, agreeable Di El Fi 

Score 1 

Ai Bi Ci, trifling Di Ei Fi 

Ai Bi Ci Di Ei Fi 

Score 

Ai Bi C: pleasing D: altho E: hard Fi 



LANGUAGE SCALE J 

Boys and soon become ...and women. 

Score 2 

girls men 

Score I 

girls, girl man 

girls gentlemen 

Score o 

girl mans 

men _... poor 

The are often more contented the rich. 

Score 2 

poor than 

Score i 

poor, people with, by 

children, people than 

girls with 

Score o 

girls, men, parents than 

The rose is a favorite because of fragrance 

and 

Score 2 

flower its beauty, color 

Score i 

flower the beauty, color, smell, blossoms, sweetness 

flower. its scent, smell, appearance, sweetness, blossoms 

Score o 

flower _... sweet, nice, looks, pretty 

It is very A to become B acquainted C 

persons who D timid. 

Ai: hard, difficult 

A2: trying, tiresome, pleasant, possible, nice, unusual, awkward, unpleas- 
ant, annoying, fine, strange, uncommon, inconvenient, kind, easy, 
grand, good, sensible, troublesome, necessary, commendable 

A3: well, unwise, customary, wrong, bad 

Bi: w r ell, thoroughly, fully, intimately, personally 

B2 : really, slightly, merely, closely, properly, rapidly, fairly, nicely, quite, 
familiarly, readily, quickly, better, much, more, so 

B3: good, goodly, kindly, easily, strongly, real, immediately 

Ci: with 

Di: are 

D2: seem, act, appear, look 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

30 



Key for Scale J 31 

Score 1 

A2 Bi _ Ci Di 

Ai B2 Ci Di 

Ai Bi Ci D2 

Score o 

A: nice B: much Ci Di 

A3 Bi Ci Di 

Ai B3 Ci Di 

Extremely old A sometimes B almost as 

C care as D .. 

Ai : people, persons 

A2 : age 

Bi: need, take, require 

Ci: much 

Di : babies, infants, young, children, invalids 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

Score 1 

Ai B: are Ci, great Di 

A2 B: brings Ci D: youth 

A2 B: seems Ci D: sickness 

A: automobiles Bi Ci D: horses 

A: men B: take Ci D: women 

A: books B: need Ci D: new 

A: people. B: have, show C: little D: young 

Score 

A: things Bi Ci D: trouble 

One's A in life B upon so C factors 

D it is not E to state any single F 

for G failure. 



A 1 : success 




A2: position, conduct, course, status 


, purpose, aim 


Bi: depends, rests 




Ci: many 




Di: that 




Ei: easy, safe, wise 




Fi: rule 




F2: reason, condition, factor 




Gi : his, her, one's, every, any, a 




G2 : avoiding 




Score 2 




Ai Bi Ci 


Di El 


Ai Bi Ci 


... Di 


Gi 




Score 1 




h2 Bi Ci 


. Di E 


Ai Bi Ci 


. Di E 


one's, our, complete 




Score 




Ai Bi Ci 


. Di E 


G: our 





Fi G2 

Ei F: cause 



Fi G2 

. F2 G: 



true F: reason 



32 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

7. The future A of the stars and the facts of B 

history are C now once for all, D I like them 

E not. 



Ai : course, destiny, circuits, paths 

Bi: ancient, past, their 

B2 : future 

Cl: fixed 

C2: known, learned, settled 

Di: whether 

Ei: or 

Score 2 

Ci Di Ei 



C2 Di Ei 

Ci Di Ei 



Ai 


Bi 


Score 1 
Ai 
Ai 


Bi 

B2 


Score 
Ai 


Bi 



Ci, known D: and, although Ei 



LANGUAGE SCALE K 

1. The boy will his hand if plays with fire. 

Score 2 

burn he 

Scgtc I 

injure, hurt, heat, warm, ruin, dirty he 

Score o 

use, shake, hold, lose, suck, wash, he 

2. Hot weather comes in the A and B weather 

C the winter. 

Ai: summer 
A2: spring 
Bi : cold, snowy, icy 
B2: the, bad, rainy 
Ci: in 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

A 1 B: cool C: precedes 

Score 1 

Ai, A2 B2 Ci 

A2 Bi Ci, brings 

Score o 

Ai Bi C: comes 

3. The poor little A has B nothing to C ; 

he is hungry. 

A 1 : boy, lad, chap, fellow, child 

A2: baby, creature, man, beggar, thing, pig, dog, bird 
Bi : had, found, absolutely 

B2: got, received, almost, really, simply, even, probably 
B3: no, not, hardly, never, entirely 
Ci: eat 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

Ai B2 Ci 

A2 Bi Ci 

Ai B: eaten C: day 

Ai, A2 Ci 

Score o 

Ai Bi C: do, wear 

Ai B3 Ci 

4. Very few people A how to spend time and B to 

the best advantage. 

Ai: know, learn 

A2: find, show 

Bi: money, energy, effort 

B2: thought, study, work, think, put it 

B3: go, send, try, do 
3 33 



34 Key f or Completion-Test Language Scales 

Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score i 

Ai B2 

A: knows Bi 

Ai Bi 

Score o 

A2 B: work, think 

Ai B 3 

5- One A not, as a B , C attention 

D uninteresting things. 

Ai: can, does, will 
A2: should 
Bi: rule 

B2: student, teacher, necessity, reader, practice 
Ci: give, pay 
C2: attract, call, direct 
C3: fix, put, hold 
Di: to 
Score 2 

A 1 Bi, fact Ci Di 

A2 Bi Ci Di 

Ai Bi C2 Di 

Ai B: child Ci Di 

Score 1 

Ai Bi Ci, C3 D: on 

Ai B2 C: place D: in 

Ai B2 Ci Di 

Ai B2 C: maintain D: with 

Ai B2 C: hold D: by 

A: has Bi C: much D: for 

A2 B: idiot, practice Ci Di 

Score o 

Ai B: spectator C: keep Di 

A: looks B: tarter C: giving Di 

6. To eat A one is B is a C pleasure. 

Ai: when, whenever 
A2: till, until 
A3: what, whatever 
Ci: great, real 
Score 2 

A 1 B: hungry Ci 

A2 B: satisfied Ci 

Score 1 

A 1 B: well, happy Ci 

A: food, what B: fond of Ci 

A2 _.... B: full, stuffed Ci 

A: heartily B: told, convinced Ci 

A: what, whatever, B: forbidden, given C: doubtful, Ci 

Score o 

A: delicious B: sure Ci 

A: when B: enjoying C: marked 



Key for Scale K 35 

A they B us C not, nature's D 

are E and unchangeable. 

Ai : Whether 

Bi: suit, affect, impress, concern, favor, disturb 
B2: convince, effect 
Ci: or 

Di : laws, ways 
Ei: fixed 
E2: true, inflexible 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di Ei 

Score 1 

Ai B2 Ci Di Ei 

A: If Bi Ci Di Ei 

Ai B: influence Ci Di E2 

Score o 

A: Even B: suit Ci _ D: roads E: sure 



LANGUAGE SCALE L 

I. Children A are rude B not easily win friends. 

Ai : who, that 

B I : do, can , will 

B2: may, should, must 

Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score 1 

Ai B2 

A: which Bi 

Score 

A: maybe B: but 

2. Plenty A exercise and B air C healthy 

D and girls. 

Ai: of 

A2: outdoor, work, study 

Bi: fresh, pure, good 

B2 : clear, plenty of 

Ci: makes 

Di: boys 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

Score 1 

Ai Bi C: make Di 

Ai B2 Ci Di 

A2 Bi Ci Di 

Ai Bi C: is D: to boys, for boys 

Score o 

Ai B: healthy C: give Di 

3. In A to maintain B health, one should have 

nourishing C 



Ai 
A2 
Bi 
B2 
Ci 



order 

seeking, trying, helping, traveling, summer, winter, spring, truth, illness. 

one's, his, good 

our, your 

food, foods 



Score 2 

hi Bi Ci 

Score 1 

A2 Bi Ci 

Ai B2 Ci 

Score 

A: life, time Bi Ci 

36 



Key for Scale L 37 

4 A... happiness can not be B with money. 



True, Real, Great, Your, Our, His, Her, One's, Children's 



Ai 

A2: Some, Plenty, No, People's, Often, All, Much 
Bi: bought, compared 
B2: gotten, secured, obtained 
B3: had, won, insured, made 
Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score 1 

A2 Bi, B2 

Ai, Much, Always, Sometimes B2, B3 

Score o 

A: Good B: made 

A: Your B: counted 

A: Their.. B: repaid 



Ai 

A2 

A3 
Bi 
B2 



5. One's A do B always express his thoughts. 

words, statements, lips 

expressions, looks, actions, sayings, features, word 

ways, eyes, opinions 

not 

nearly 

Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score 1 

A2 Bi 

A: words B: almost 

A: actions B2, most 

Score 

A3 ,Bi 

A: expressions B2 

6. To A to wait, after having B to go C , 

D very annoying. 

A 1 : have 

Bi: prepared, planned, decided, promised, arranged, hurried 

B2: wanted, wished 

B3: had 

Ci: somewhere, out, away, home 

Di: is 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

Ai Bi C: promptly Di 

Ai B: asked Ci Di 

Score 1 

Ai B: waited Ci Di 

A: stop B: attempted Ci Di 

Ai Bi, B2, B3 C: is D: sometimes, often 

Ai B: lunch C: swimming Di 

Ai B3 — - C: quickly, far, away Di 

Score o 

Ai B: preparing C: there Di 

Ai B3 C: work Di 



38 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

7. It is sometimes A to B between two C 

of action. 

Ai: difficult, hard 

A2 : necessary 

Bi: choose 

Ci: lines, modes, courses 

C2 : kinds, types 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

A2 B: hesitate Ci 

Score 1 

Ai, A2 Bi, distinguish C2 

A: dangerous B: go C: men 

Score 

A: safe B: go C: guns 

8. One can A do his B at one C while 

D of another. 



Ai: 


not, never 






Bi: 


best, duty 






Ci: 


thing, task, 


, job, occupation, study 


C2: 


time 






C3: 


place 






Di: 


thinking 






Score 2 








Ai 


Bi 


Ci Di 



Score 1 

Ai Bi C2, C3 Di, dreaming 

A: often Bi Ci, C2, C3 Di 

Score 

A: also Bi C2 D: not 

Ai Bi C2 D: seeing 

A: easily B: work C2 D: talking 



LANGUAGE SCALE M 

1. One can not foretell A will happen in the B 

Ai: what 

Bi : future, morning, autumn, winter, night, end, spring, summer 
B2: city, crowd, present, family, house, month, year, morrow, day, world 
B3: time, past, today 
Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score 1 

Ai B2 

A: things that Bi 

Score o 

Ai B 3 

A: that Bi 

2. The dog A a useful B because C his 

intelligence and faithfulness. 

Ai: is 

Bi: animal, creature, friend, pet, beast, companion 
B2: fellow, thing, being, dog 
Ci: of 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

Ai B2 Ci 

A: becomes Bi Ci 

A 1 Bi C: he has 

Score o 

Ai Bi C: by 

A: has B: manner Ci 

3. Many people A their health because B do not 

C the D of hygiene. 

Ai: lose, injure, ruin, undermine, destroy 

A2: wreck, mar, haven't, spoil, waste 

Bi: they 

Ci: observe, heed, understand, know, practice, follow, keep 

Di: principles, laws, rules 

D2: need, good, value, meaning 

D3: science, subjects, books, lessons, study, rules, subject 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

A: keep Bi C: neglect Di 

A 1 Bi C: know D2 

Score 1 

A2 Bi Ci Di 

A 1 Bi C: study ....". D3 

A: have Bi C: disregard D3 

3 39 



40 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

Score o 

A: protect Bi C: want D: disease 

A: lose Bi C: acquire D: value 

A: have Bi C: follow Di, ethics 

4. Nothing can A one's happiness B effectively 

than a guilty C 

Ai: destroy, injure, mar, lessen, decrease, ruin, spoil 
A2: harm, hurt, hinder, dampen, effect, darken 
A3: stunt, hinder 
B 1 : more 
Ci: conscience 
C2: man, person 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

A2 Bi Ci 

Score o 

A3 Bi C2 

5- To A many things B ever finishing any of them 

C a D habit. 

Ai: begin, undertake, attempt, leave, commence, start, try, play 
A2: take, have, do, make, say, stop, think, get, avoid 
Bi: without 
B2: hardly, never, n 
B3: before, not 
Ci : is, becomes 
C2: forms, seems, starts 
Di: bad 

D2: deplorable, pernicious, tenacious, strange 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

Score 1 

A2 Bi Ci Di 

Ai B2, B3 Ci Di 

Ai Bi Ci D2 

Ai Bi C2 Di 

Score o 

A2 B3 Ci Di 

A2 Bi C2 Di 

A: do D: when Ci Di 

Ai B: and Ci Di 

6. The A seems B and dreary C a dis- 
couraged D 

Ai : world, day 

A2: way, time, road 

A3: teacher, man, boy 

Bi: dull, dark, sad 

B2: long 

Ci: to 

Di: man, woman, person, child, boy, girl 



Key for Scale M 41 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

A2 B2 Ci D: traveler 

Score 1 

A2 B2 Ci Di, voyager 

A3 B: sad C: and, over Di, mortal 

A: man B: tired C: after D: attempt 

Ai Bi C: when Di 

Ai Bi C: for Di 

Ai Bi C: giving D: feeling 

Score 

Ai B: long C: although Di 

7 A that are B to one by an C friend 

should be pardoned D readily than injuries done by 

one E is not angry. 

Ai: Injuries 

A2: Insults, Harms, Wrongs, Slights, Offences, Things, 

Bi: done 

B2: given, rendered 

Ci: angry, angered, irate, enraged 

C2: irritated, incensed, old, another, injured, intimate, other, honest, inno- 
cent, ordinary, unkind 

D 1 : more 

Ei : who, that 
Score 2 

Ai ...' Bi Ci Di Ei 

Score 1 

A 1 Bi Ci Di E: which 

Ai B2 Ci Di Ei 

Ai Bi Ci D: less Ei 

Ai Bi C2 Di Ei 

A2 Bi Ci Di Ei 

A: words B: spoken C: irritated Di El 

Score 

A: Things Bi C: unknown Di Ei 

Ai Bi Ci D: very Ei 

8. It is A that a full-grown man should B a ghost 

C he is D. 



Ai : inconceivable, improbable, 


impossible, unbelievable 


A2: strange, absurd 






Bi: see 






B2: fear 






Ci : while, when, if 






C2: unless, except 






Di: sane, sober, awake 






D2: insane, drunk 






D2; dead 






Score 2 






Ai Bi 


Ct 


Di 


A 1 Bi 


C2 


D2 


Ai B2 


Ci 


Di 



42 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

Score i 

A: best B: show C: that D: unafraid 

A: said B2 C: if D: wise 

A: foolish B2 C: since D: grown 

A2 Bi Ci Di 

A: unwise B: become C: before, until D3 

Ai B: be Ci D3 

A 1 B: believe C: story D: reading 

Score 

A2 B: know C: when D: alone 



COMPLETION EXERCISE ALPHA 1 

1. I like to go to 

Score 2 

school, church, play, bed, mess, sleep, town, Chicago 
Score I 

see, war, heaven 
Score o 

bad, today 

2. The sky blue. 

Score 2 

is, was, became, turned, looks, appears, seems 
Score i 

got, is very, is not, has 
Score o 

are, light, very, dark 

3. Ice is cold, but fire is 

Score 2 

hot 
Score 1 

good, not, red, burning, warm 
Score o 

how, burned, cold 

4. The stars and the will shine tonight. 

Score 2 

moon 
Score 1 

light, planets, lights 
Score 

dipper, stripes, clouds, city, sky, sun 

5. The A_ plays B her dolls all day. 

Score 2 

A: girl, child, baby B: with 

Score 1 

A: boy, girls, cat, dog, children, little girl B: with 

Score 

A: girl B: to, for 

6. Good boys A kind B their sisters. 

Ai: are 

A2: were, must be, should be, will be, act, is 
Bi: to 

B2: with, toward, like, also, and 
1 See pages 80 to 89 for description of Completion Exercises Alpha and Beta. 

43 



44 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score i 

A2 Bi 

Ai B2 

A: and B: love 

A: think B: of 

A: do B: things for 

A: say B: words to 

Score o 

Ai B: for, as, by 

7- During the weather the boys play in the shade. 

Score 2 

hot, warm, sunny 
Score i 

bright, summer, pleasant, nice, dry 
Score o 

wet, rainy, bad 

8. Boys must A be rude to B mothers. 



Ai 

A2 

Bi 
B 2 



not, never 
seldom, always 

good, dear, any, our, your, the 
their 
Score 2 

Ai B 2 

Score i 

Ai Bi 

Score o 

Ai B: his, her 

A2 B2 

9- The boy will A his hand if B plays with fire. 

Score 2 

A: burn B: he 

Score i 

A: injure, hurt, heat, warm, ruin, dirty B: he 

Score o 

A: use, shake, hold, lose, suck, wash B: he 

io. Time A often more valuable B money. 

Score 2 

A: is, was B: than 

Score i 

A: seems, becomes B: than 

Score o 

A: are B: than A: is B: with 



Key for Scale Alpha 



45 



II. Hard A. 



makes 



.B. 



tired. 



Ai: work, labor, play 

A2: traveling, tasks, luck, things 

A3: thing, bread, times 

Bi: one, people, you, him, her, me, men, women, them, us, folks, anyone, 

children 
B2: a man, minds, bodies 
Score 2 

Ai 



Score 1 

Ai 
A2 

Score o 
A3 



Bi 

B2 
Bi 

Bi 



12. The A. 

night. 



rises 



.B the morning and C at 



Ai: sun 
Bi: in, during 
Ci: sets, sinks, disappears 
C2: falls 

C3: goes, leaves, lowers, sits, moon, never, goes down, set, not, descends, 
drops, dies, the moon, fades 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

A: temperature Bi C2 

A: boy, bird Bi C: sleeps, rests 

A: tide Bi C2, also 

Ai Bi C3 

Score 

Ai Bi C: sometimes 

Ai B: every Ci 



13. Hot weather comes in the A. 

C the winter. 



and 



.B weather 



Ai 
A2 
Bi 
B2 
Ci 



summer 
spring 



cold, snowy, icy 
the, bad, rainy 
in 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

A 1 B: cool C: precedes 

Score 1 

Ai, A2 B2 Ci 

A2 Bi Ci: brings 

Score 

Ai Bi C: comes 



46 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

14. The child A B the river C was 

drowned. 

Ai: fell 

A2: went, sprang, jumped, waded 
A3: swam, bathed, played, was 
A4: went 
A5: playing 
Bi: in 
B2: into 

B3: down, on, near 
B4: by 
B5: to 
Ci: and 
Score 2 

Ai Bi, B2 Ci 

A2 B2 Ci 

Score 1 

A3 Bi Ci 

A4 Bi, B3, B5 Ci 

A: ran B2, B5 Ci 

A: played, sat B: near Ci 

A: who B: crossed C: yesterday 

A: who fell B2 C: soon 

A: was B: at, on Ci 

A5 B4 C: side 

A5 B: on C: bank 

A5 B: near C: accidentally 

Score o 

A4 B4 Ci 

A: was B4, B5 Ci 

A: played B: at Ci 

A: goes B5 Ci 

A: swam B: through Ci 

A5 B4 C: today, nearly 

15. She if she will. 

Score 2 

can, may 
Scsre 1 

will, may go, can do well 
Score 

does, works, goes, has, is, could, knows, might, plays, is good, can't 

16. It is good to hear A voice B C friend. 

Ai : the 
A2: your 
Bi: of 
B2 : from 

Ci: a, one's, your, my, another, some, his, her, any, their 
C2: one, an old, a true, the, an intimate 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 



Key for Scale Alpha 



47 



Score i 

Ai Bi C2 

A2 B: my C: dear, good 

A: her B: to C: her 

A: a Bi, B2 C: a 

A: your, her B: calling C: your, her 

A2 B: again, tonight C: my 

A: that Bi C: my 

A: Caruso's B: with C: his 

A: her B: said C: Mary's 

Score o 

Ai B2 Ci A: a Bi, B2 C: year 

A: one's B: said C: his 

A2 B: with, than C: your 

A: his B: and C: his 



17. The boy who A hard B do well. 

Ai: works, tries, studies, thinks 

A2: worked, tried, studied, thought 

A3: plays, hits, work, try 

Bi: will 

B2: can, may, does, shall, should, could, must, did 

Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score 1 

Ai B2 

A2 Bi, B2 

A3 Bi 

Score o 

Ai B: sometimes, surely, often 

A: did B: work did 

A: work B: did 

A: does B: work 



Boys who play A. 

C 



.B mud get their hands 



Ai 
Bi 
B2 
Ci 
C2 



in 
the 



wet, dirty, soft, black, any, with, near 

dirty, soiled, muddy 

black, wet, sticky, filthy, nasty 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

Ai Bi C2 

Ai, around B2 Ci 

A: marbles, games, ball B: in, with .. 

A: with dirt, in dirt B: and Ci 

A: at B: moulding Ci 

Score 

Ai, with B2 C: dusty 

A: , much B: in Ci 



Ci 



4 8 



Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 



19 A the weather is B one should wear heavier 

C than when it is D 

Ai: When, If 
Bi: cold, cool 

Ci : clothing, clothes, garments, cloaks, coats, wraps, underwear 
Di: hot, warm 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

Score 1 

Ai Bi Ci D: warmer, good, nice 

Ai B: stormy Ci D: nice, hot 

A: cold B: when Ci Di 

Ai B: winter Ci D: summer 

Ai B: bad Ci Di 

A: Although Bi Ci Di 

A: As, Now Bi C: clothes Di 

Score 

A: How B: no Ci D: cold 

A: Like B: today Ci Di 

A: Tho B: warm Ci Di 

A: Here, Sometimes Bi Ci Di 

.B 



20. It is a A task to be kind to every beggar 

C for money. 

Ai: hard, burdensome, difficult, great, big, real, trying 

A2: philanthropic, charitable, heavy, bitter, noble, small, foolish, pleasant, 

good, little, bad, kind, worthy, mean 
A3: daily, poor, fine, nice, friendly, easy 
Bi: who, that 
B2 : which 

Ci: asks, begs, pleads 

C2: calls, cries, comes, seeks, wants, looks, wishes, works 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

A2 Bi Ci 

Ai Bi C2 

A 1 B: when C: asked, he asks 

Ai B: asking C: one 

Ai B2 Ci 

Score o 

A3 Bi Ci 

Ai B2 C2 

Ai Bi C: needs 

A: polite B: here C: asking 

21. The happiest and A contented man is the one B 

lives a busy and useful C 



Ai: 
A2: 

A3 
Bi 
B2 
Ci 



most, best 

well, brightest, richest, the, nice, truly, loveliest, strongest, healthiest, 
more 
good, poor 
who, that 
which 
life 



Key for Scale A Ipha 49 



Score 2 






Ai .... 


.... Bi .... 


Ct 


Score 1 






Ai ... 


.... B2 .... 


Ct 


A2 .... 


.... Bi .... 


Ct 


Score 






A3 -. 


.... Bi ... 


Ct 



Ai 
A2 
Bi 
B2 
Ci 



22. In A to maintain B health, one should have 

nourishing C 

order 

seeking, trying, helping, traveling, summer, winter, spring, truth, illness 
one's, his, good 
our, your 
food, foods 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

A2 Bi Ci 

Ai B2 Ci 

Score o 

A: life, time Bi Ci 

23. Many people A their health because B do not 

C the D of hygiene. 

Ai: lose, injure, ruin, undermine, destroy 
A2: wreck, mar, haven't, spoil, waste 
Bi: they 

Ci: observe, heed, understand, know, practice, follow, keep 
Di: principles, laws, rules 
D2: need, good, value, meaning 

D3: science, subjects, books, lessons, study, rules, subject 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

A: keep Bi C: neglect Di 

Ai Bi C: know D2 

Score 1 

A2 Bi Ci Di 

Ai Bi C: study D3 

A: have Bi C: disregard D3 

Score 

A: protect Bi C: want D: disease 

A: lose Bi C: acquire D: value 

A: have Bi C: follow Di, ethics 

24. A home is A merely a place B one C 

live comfortably. 



Ai 
A2 

A3 
Bi 
B2 

B3 
Ci 
C2 

4 



not, often, sometimes 

generally, usually, just, now, really, now, never 

but, only, always 

where 

in, which, that 

for 

may, can 

will, would, should 



5o 



Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 



Score 2 
Ai 



Bi 



Ci 



Score i 

Ai B2 Ci, C2 

A2 Bi Ci 

Ai, A2 B: for C: to 

Ai B: so Ci 

Score 

Ai Bi C: does 

Ai B3 C: who 

A3 Bi Ci 

25. It is very A to become B acquainted C 

persons who D timid. 

Ai : hard, difficult 

A2: trying, tiresome, pleasant, possible, nice, unusual, awkward, unpleasant, 
annoying, fine, strange, uncommon, inconvenient, kind, easy, grand, 
good, sensible, troublesome, necessary, commendable 
well, unwise, customary, wrong, bad 
well, thoroughly, fully, intimately, personally 
really, slightly, merely, closely, properly, rapidly, fairly, nicely, quite, 

familiarly, readily, quickly, better, much, more, so 
good, goodly, kindly, easily, strongly, real, immediately 
with 



26. 



A3 
Bi 
B2 

B3 
Ci 
Di 
D2 



are 

seem, act, appear, look 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

Score 1 

A2 Bi Ci Di 

Ai B2 Ci Di 

Ai Bi Ci D2 

Score o 

A: nice B: much Ci Di 

A3 Bi Ci Di 

Ai B3 Ci Di 



.B always express his thoughts. 



Ai 
A2 

A3 
Bi 
B2 



One's A do 

words, statements, lips 

expressions, looks, actions, sayings, features, word 

ways, eyes, opinions 

not 

nearly 

Score 2 

Ai Bi 

JScore 1 

A2 Bi 

A: words B: almost 

A: actions B2, most 

Score 

A3 Bi 

A: expressions B2 



Key for Scale Alpha 



51 



storm-clouds some- 



27. The A is always shining B. 

times C it D us. 

Ai : sun 

Bi: but, although 
B2: the 

Ci: hide, obscure 

C2: shield, bar, separate, cover, darken 
Di: from 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

Score 1 

Ai B2 Ci Di 

Ai B2 C: reveal D: to 

Ai Bi C2 Di 

Ai Bi C: cover D: and 

Score 

Ai B: and Ci D: to 

28. Children should A that after all nobody is B. 

to care much more C their success than D. 

E parents. 



Ai 
A2 

A3 
Bi 



learn, know, realize, see, understand, remember, note, recognize, feel 

appreciate, consider, find, think, believe 

say, insist 

likely, apt, supposed, able, inclined, wont, disposed, going, willing, 
expected 
B2: liable, sure, ever, made, ready, bound, known, here, trying, there, about, 

anxious, obligated, needed 
Ci: concerning, about, for 
Di: their 
El: own 
E2: dear, loving, fond, kind, two, good, devoted 

Score 2 
Ai 



Score 1 
Ai 
Ai 
A2 
Ai 

Score o 

A3 
Ai 



Bi 

Bi 
Bi 
Bi 
B2 

Bi 
B: 



Ci 



Di 



Ei 



Ci Di E2 

Ci D: do, will, both, are E: their 

Ci Di Ei 

Ci Di Ei 



Ci Di Ei 

absolutely Ci Di Ei 



29. 



A are times in the B of almost C. 

us when we D for a long life. 

Ai: There 

Bi: experience, life, history, career 

B2 : lives 

B3: youth, age, existence, days, past, midst, world, minds, hearts 

Ci : everyone 

C2: any, anyone 

C 3 : all 

Di: wish, hope, plan, long, yearn 

D2: seek, ask, pine, pray, look, prepare, fight, strive, suffer 

D3: want, live, die 



Of 



52 



Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 



Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

Ai B2 C 3 Di 

Score I 

Ai Bi C2 Di 

Ai B2 C3 D2 

Ai Bi, B3 C3 Di 

Ai B3 Ci Di 

Score 

Ai Bi Ci D3 

Ai Bi C: every Di 

Ai B: midst, heart, world C3 



D: are 



.B. 



often in his C. 



30. One's real A appears 

than in his speech. 

Ai: self, character, nature, intention, desire, ambition, attitude, spirit, 
feeling, worth, disposition, patriotism, happiness, motive 

A2: ability, power, thought, meaning 

A3: sense, life, manner, tact, training, breeding, education, object, soul, 
traits, effort, dignity 

A4: customs, minds, brains, friend, idea 

B 1 : more 

Ci: actions, deeds, conduct, habits, manner, behavior 

C2: appearance, face, expression, tone, manners, acts, letters, eyes, looks, 
silence, ways, thoughts, habits 

C3: writing, letters, work 

C4: mind, nature, dream, dress, heart, doings, character 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

Ai Bi C2 

A2 Bi C3 

. Bi Ci 



A3 
Score o 

A 4 
Ai 
Ai 
A: 



Bi Ci 

Bi C4 

B: most C: manners 

thought Bi C: character 



31. Extremely old A sometimes 

C care as D 

A 1 : people, persons 

A2 : age 

Bi: need, take, require 

Ci: much 

Di: babies, infants, young, children, invalids 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

Score 1 

Ai B: are Ci, great Di 

A2 B: brings Ci D: youth 

A2 B: seems Ci D: sickness 

A: automobiles Bi Ci D: horses 



.B almost as 



Key for Scale Alpha 53 

A: men B: take Ci D: women 

A: books B: need Ci D: new 

A: people B: have, show C: little D: young 

Score o 

A: things Bi Ci D: trouble 

32. To A to wait, after having B to go C , 

D very annoying. 

Ai : have 

Bi: prepared, planned, decided, promised, arranged, hurried 

B2: wanted, wished 

B3: had 

Ci: somewhere, out, away, home 

Di: is 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

Ai Bi C: promptly Di 

Ai B: asked Ci Di 

Score 1 

Ai B: waited Ci Di 

A: stop B: attempted Ci Di 

Ai Bi, B2, B3 C: is D: sometimes, often 

Ai B: lunch C: swimming Di 

Ai B3 C: quickly, far, away Di 

Score o 

Ai B: preparing C: there Di 

Ai B3 C: work Di 

33. The A seems B and dreary C a dis- 

couraged D 

A 1 : world, day 

A2: way, time, road 

A3: teacher, man, boy 

Bi: dull, dark, sad 

B2: long 

Ci: to 

Di: man, woman, person, child, boy, girl 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

A2 B2 Ci D: traveler 

Score 1 

A2 B2 Ci Di, voyager 

A3 B: sad C: and, over Di, mortal 

A: man B: tired C: after D: attempt 

Ai Bi C: when Di 

Ai Bi C: for Di 

Ai Bi C: giving D: feeling 

Score 

Ai B: long C: although Di 



54 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

34. The knowledge of A B use fire is C 

of D important things known by E but 

unknown F animals. 

Ai : how 

Bi: to 

B2: proper, correct, careful, important, skillful, great 

Ci: one 

C2: considered, rated, thought 

Di: the, many, several 

El: man, men, us, mankind, people 

E2: persons, scouts, humans 

Fx: to, by, among 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Gi Di Ei Fi 

Score 1 

Ai Bi Ci Di E2 Fi 

A: why B: we Ci Di Ei .... Fi 

A: when, having, the way Bi Ci Di Ei Ft 

Ai Bi C2 Di Ei .. Fi 

Ai Bi Ci D: most El Fi 

Score 

Ai Bi C: often Di Ei Fi 

A: the B2 Ci Di Ei .... Fi 

A: knowing B: how to Ci Di Ei Fi 

35 A B want are often caused by C 

A 1 : Poverty 

Bi: and 

B2: of 

Ci: drink, ignorance, laziness, sickness, disease, neglect 

C2: selfishness, jealousy, indulgence, imagination 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

A: Times B2 C: famine 

A: Cases B2 Ci 

A: Things B: people C2 

A: Need Bi C: pleasure 

A: People B: in Ci 

A: What B: girls C: variety 

Score 

A: Health Bi C: laziness 

A: Horrors B2 C: obstinacy 

A: Hunger Bi C: cries 

A: Conditions B: in C: neglect 

36. In order A B clearly at C it is D 

to E artificial F 



Ai 
Bi 
B2 
Ci 
C2 
Di 



to 

see 

look 

night 

times, all 

necessary, essential 



Key for Scale Alpha 55 

D2: better, best 

Ei: use 

E2 : have 

Fi: light, means, devices 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di Ei Fi 

Ai Bi Ci Di E2 F: light 

Score 1 

Ai Bi C2, sea Di Ei, E2 Fi 

Ai B: think C2 ..Di Ei, avoid F: stimulants 

Ai . B2 C: light Di E2 F: protection 

Ai Bi Ci D2 Ei Fi 

Ai B: hear, speak C: times, first Di El, adopt 

F: means 

Ai B: understand, explain C: times Di Ei 

F: examples 
Ai Bi Ci Di Ei F: glasses 

Score 

Ai Bi C: distance D2 E2 F: light 

Ai Bi C: once D2 E: try F: means 

Ai B2 C: something D: advisable E: remove 

F: aids 

Ai B: think C: times Di Ei F: means 

37. One's A in life B upon so C factors 

D it is not E to state any single F - 

for G failure. 

A 1 : success 

A2: position, conduct, course, status, purpose, aim 

Bi : depends, rests 

Ci: many 

Di: that 

Ei: easy, safe, wise 

Fi: rule 

F2: reason, condition, factor 

Gi: his, her, one's, every, any, a 

G2: avoiding 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di Ei Fi G2 

Ai Bi Ci Di Ei F: cause Gi 

Score 1 

A2 Bi Ci Di Ei Fi G2 

Ai Bi Ci Di Ei F2 G: ones, our, 

complete 
Score o 

Ai Bi Ci Di E: true F: reason G: 

our 

38 A a rule one B association C friends. 

Ai: As 

A2: Although 

Bi- enjoys, prefers, likes, desires, welcomes, seeks 

B2: holds, keeps, cultivates, finds, chooses, wishes, loves, gains 

Ci: with 

C2: of 



56 



Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 



Score 2 
Ai 

Score i 
Ai 
Ai 
Ai 

Score o 
Ai 
Ai 

A2 



Bi 



Ci 



Bi C2 

B: makes Ci 

B2 Ci, C2 

B: chooses C: and 

B: keeps C: his 

B: like C2 



39. One can A do his B. 

D of another. 

A 1 : not, never 

Bi: best, duty 

Ci: thing, task, job, occupation, study 

C2: time 

C3 : place 

Di: thinking 



at one C while 



Score 2 
Ai 

Score 1 
Ai 



Bi 



Bi 



Ci 



Di 



C2, C3 Di, dreaming 

A: often Bi Ci, C2, C3 Di 

Score 

A: also Bi C2 D: not 

Ai Bi C2 D: seeing 

A: easily B: work C2 D: talking 

40. The future A of the stars and the facts of B 

^history are C now once for all, D I like 

them E not. 

Ai: course, destiny, circuits, paths 

Bi: ancient, past, their 

B2: future 

Ci: fixed 

C2: known, learned, settled 

D 1 : whether 

Ei: or 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di Ei 

Score 1 

Ai Bi C2 Di Ei 

Ai B2 Ci Di Ei 

Score o 

Ai Bi Ci, known D: and, although Ei 



COMPLETION EXERCISE BETA 

1. I see you. Can you see ? 

Score 2 

me 
Score i 

the cat, men, us, it, I can, yes 
Score o 

play, run, you 

2. The boy has book. 

Score 2 

a, the, his, her, my, their 
Score I 

a good, a big, a school, a nice, an, some 
Score o 

pretty, red, heavy 

3. I to school each day. 

Score 2 

go, come, walk, ride, drive, run, went, came, rode, drove 
Score 1 

am, am going, like to go, was, have gone 
Score o 

like, to, going, study 

4. Men older than boys. 

Score 2 

are, act, look, appear, seem 
Score 1 

grow, were, is 
Score o 

be, see 

5. I see man and the boy. 

Score 2 

the 
Score 1 

a, some, that, one, our, your, my, both the, the big 
Score o 

big, bad 

6. The wind the dust into our eyes. 

Score 2 

blows, blew, blowed, sweeps, swept 

Score 1 , 

throws, carried, gets, sends, chases, carries, raises, brings, puts, tnrew, 
got, brought, sent, chased, raised, will blow, put, is blowing 

Score 

draws, makes, has, flew 

57 



58 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

7. Here is a man who do it. 

Score 2 

can, could, couldn't, can't, will, would, wouldn't, won't, may, cannot, 

might, should, shouldn't, does, must, doesn't 
Score 1 

did, shall, does not, likes to, ought to, saw him, dared to 
Score o 

dared, never, always, will try to 

8. The little A and his dog B running a race. 

Ai: boy, fellow, lad 
A2: child, master, man 
Bi: are, were, began 

B2: came, went, kept, try, play, like, won, was, is 
Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score 1 

Ai B2 

A2 Bi, B2 

Score o 

A: girl Bi 

A: cat Bi 

Ai had 

9. Boys and A soon become B and women. 

Score 2 

A: girls B: men 

Score 1 

A: girls, girl B: man 

A: girls B: gentlemen 

Score 

A: girl B: mans 

A: men B: poor 

10. The rude child does not many friends. 

Score 2 

have, make, gain, win 
Score 1 

deserve, find, know, acquire, possess, keep, greet, appreciate, accumu- 
late, help, please, obey, meet, get, see, play with 
Score o 

want, like, care for, need, has 

11. Children should A many lessons from B par- 

ents. 



Ai 
A2 

A3 
Bi 
B2 



learn, take, receive, obtain, get 

study, have, observe, know, obey 

show, do, recite 

their 

the, fond, kind 



Key for Scale Beta 59 

Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score i 

A2 Bi 

Ai B2 

Score o 

A 3 Bi 

A: have B: your 

12. The A are often more contented B the rich. 

Score 2 

A: poor B: than 

Score i 

A: poor, people B: with, by 

A: girls B: with 

A: children, people B: than 

Score o 

girls, men, parents than 



i3« 



A A drink is very refreshing to a B who is 

C 

Ai: cold, cool, good, fresh 

A2: healthy, soft, common, little, fine, water, soda, 5 cent, clean 
Bi • person, laborer, man, runner, woman, girl, child, tramp, boy, workman 
Ci : thirsty, hot, ill, tired, working, sick, traveling, exhausted, warm 
C2: healthy, well, here, running 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score i 

A2 Bi Ci 

Ai B: man, girl, boy C2 

Ai B: dog Ci 

A: little, small B: boy Ci 

Ai Bi C: dry 

Score o 

A: fine B: man C: good 

14. Children A to pick B 



Ai 
A2 
Bi 
B2 



like 



come, are, came, are not, go, likes, went, try, were, wish, have, ought 
flowers, berries, apples, fruit, daisies 
quarrels, playmates 
Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score 1 

A2 Bi 

A: climb, jump B: apples 

Ai B: flower, nuts 

A: try B2 

Score o 

A: go B: stick 



6o 



Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 



15. Brothers A sisters should always B to help 

C other. 

Ai: and 

Bi: try, offer, strive, aim, endeavor, learn, seek, consent, want, attempt, 

wish, like, agree 
B2: have, go, hurry, stay, love, work, be ready, come 
C 1 : each 

C2: one, an, the, some, one an 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

Ai B2 Ci 

Bi C2 

B: ask Ci 



Ai 
Ai 

Score 
Ai 
Ai 
Ai 



Bi C: out, along 

B: go C: the 

B: glad Ci 



16. Children A are rude B not easily win friends. 

A 1 : who, that 
Bi: do, can, will 
B2: may, should, must 
Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score 1 

Ai B2 

A: which Bi 

Score o 

A: may be B: but 



17. One can not foretell A will happen in the B . 

Ai: what 

Bi: future, morning, autumn, winter, night, end, spring, summer 
B2: city, crowd, present, family, house, month, year, morrow, day, world 
B3: time, past, today 
Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score 1 

Ai B2 

A: things that Bi 

Score 

Ai B 3 

A: that Bi 



The fci rose is a favorite A... 

grance and C 

Score 2 

A: flower B: its C: beauty, color 



because of B fra- 



Key for Scale Beta 61 

Score I 

A: flower B: the C: beauty, color, smell, blossoms, sweet- 
ness 

A: flower B: its C: scent, smell, appearance, sweetness, 

blossoms 

Score o 

A: flower B: sweet, nice, C: looks, pretty 

19. The poor little A has B nothing to C ; 

he is hungry. 



Ai 
A2 
Bi 
B2 

B3 
Ci 



boy, lad, chap, fellow, child 

baby, creature, man, beggar, thing, pig, dog, bird 

had, found, absolutely 

got, received, almost, really, simply, even, probably 

no, not, hardly, never, entirely 

eat 



Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

Ai B2 Ci 

A2 Bi Ci 

A 1 B: eaten C: day 

Ai, A2 Ci 

Score o 

Ai - ... Bi C: do, wear 

Ai B3 Ci 

20. It is hard A keep B getting C on a 

rainy day. 

Ai: to 
Bi: from 

Ci: wet, damp, cross, gloomy, drowsy 
C2: tired, angry, sulky, dirty, sick, out, dull, lazy, fretful 
C3: work, umbrellas, cold, wet 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

Ai Bi C2 

Ai B: busy C: ready 

Ai B: dry C: out 

Ai B: not Ci 

Ai B: on C3 

Score 

Ai Bi C: asleep, home 

A 1 B: dry C: shelter 

21 A and rain B plants C 



Ai 
A2 

A3 



Sunshine, Sun 
Heat, Fertilizer, Sun 
Water, Light 



62 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

A4: Snow 

B 1 : make 

B2: help, refresh 

Cl : grow, thrive 

C2: nourishment, growth 

C3 : grow 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Ai B2 C: greatly 

Score 1 

A2 B: give C2 

Ai B: help C: along 

Ai B: our C: need 

A 1 B: makes Ci 

A: Air B: do C: good 

Ai Bi C: healthy 

Ai B: the C: get 

A3 B: helps C3 

Ai B: keep C: growing 

A4 B: gives C: food 

A4, Hail Bi C3 

Score 

A: Ground B: kill C: growing 



22. Men A more B to do heavy work C 

women. 

Ai : are 

A2 : have 

Bi: able, competent, willing, inclined, apt, ready, likely 

B2: ability, strength, inclination, power 

B3: prepared, anxious, eager, liable, fitted, equal, accustomed, suited, satis- 
fied, fit, capable, used, adapted, wanted, required, taken, healthy, 
qualified, built, stronger, suitable, useful 

B4: ambition, energy, time, muscle, tools, right, business 

Ci: than 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

A2 B2 Ci 

Score 1 

Ai B3 Ci 

A2 B4 Ci 

A: try, like, ought B: often Ci 

A: earn B: money Ci 

A: know B: how Ci 

A: need B: tools, money Ci 

A: appear Bi Ci 

Score 

Ai B: made, asked, good, active Ci 

Ai B: useful, able C: for 

A: work B: hard Ci 

A: do B: thinking Ci 

A2 B: brains, work Ci 



Key for Scale Beta 



63 



23. When one A angry he should B forth an effort 

C D his actions. 



Ai: 
Bi: 
B2. 
Ci: 
Di: 
D2: 



put 
bring 
to 

control, restrain, check, curb 

subdue, overcome, crush, calm, change, cure, conquer, push, prevent, 
guard, hide, stop, consider, conceal 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

Score 1 
Ai 
Ai 
Ai 
Score o 
Ai 
Ai 
Ai 



Bi Ci D2 

B2, take, set Ci Di 

B2 Ci D: overcome, subdue 

B: set Ci D: maintain 

B2 Ci D: conceal 

B: try C: and D: stop 



24. The A of your B and mother is your brother. 



Ai 
A2 
A3 
A 4 
Bi 
B2 



pleasure, pride, boy, child, support, love, care, children 
boy, reason 
girl, work 
father 



family 
Score 2 

Ai .... 
Score 1 

A2 .... 
Score 

A3 -.- 
A 4 .... 



Bi 
Bi 

B2 

Bi 



25. Worry A never improved a situation but has B 

made conditions C 

Ai : has 

A2: certainly, surely 

Bi : often, usually, always, generally, merely, undoubtedly, sometimes, only, 

certainly, slowly, probably, simply, repeatedly, surely 
B2: rather, really, ever, mostly, even, instead, just, indeed, helped 
B3 : never 
Ci: worse 

C2: serious, poor, change, poorer, bad, harder, miserable 
Score 2 

.Bi Ci 

. Bi Ci 



Ai 
A2 
Score 1 
Ai 
Ai 



B2 
Bi 



Ci 

C2 



Ai B: always, gradually C2 



6 4 



Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 



Score o 

Ai B3 Cx 

A: can, will B: often Cl 

Ai B3, Bi C: better 

A: should Bi Cl 



26. The best advice A usually B obtained C 

one's parents. 



Ai 
A2 

A3 
Bi 
B2 

B 3 : 
B 4 : 
Ci: 
C2: 



may, can, will 
is 

might, could, would, should 
be 

directly, that, correctly, freely, easily, readily, promptly, first, fully, 
soon, accurately, properly 
rightly, well, best, only, to be, better, willingly, fairly, cheerfully 
always, often, not, also, being 
from 
of, by, through 



Score 2 

Ai 

A2 

A: has 

Score 1 

A3 

Ai 

A2 

A2 



Bi 
B2 



Bi 
Bi 

B3 
B2 



.. Ci 

.. Ci 

been 



Ci 
C2 

Ci 
C2 



Ci 



A: most, received B: is Cl 

A: one B: has Ci 

A: comes B: when Cl 

Score 

A2 B4 Ci 

A: children B: have Ci 

A2 B: best, to be C: by 



27. Sleep A. 



both 



.B and body. 



Ai 
A2 
Bi 
B2 

B3 
B 4 



refreshes, aids, helps, strengthens, improves 

rests, stimulates, rebuilds 

mind 

heart, brains, brain, eyes, health 

health, mind, strength 

legs, muscles 



Score 2 
Ai 



Bi 



Score 1 

Ai, A2 B2 

A: makes B3 

A: builds B: mind 

Score 

A: rests B4 



Key for Scale Beta 



65 



28. The sun is so A that one can not B C 

D directly E causing great discomfort to the 

eyes. 

Ai: brilliant, dazzling, radiant, bright 

A2: blinding, intense, strong, light, powerful, glary, hot, red, fiery, high 

Bi: look, gaze, stare 

B2: endure, bear, stand 

Ci: at 

Di: it 

Ei: without 



Score 2 

Ai 

Score 1 



A2 

Ai 

Ai 

for, if 
A: low 
Ai 



Bi 



Bi 
B2 
Bi 



Ci 



Ci 
C: 



Di 



Ei 



its 



Di Ei 

D: rays Ei 



C: into, toward, towards Di Ei, unless, 

Ei 



. B: read C: a 

even C: look 



. D: book 
D: up 



Ei 



Score 



A: warm, far, low Bi Ci Di Ei 

Ai Bi Ci Di E: because, thus 

Ai B: see Ci: it D: so Ei 



29. To A many things B ever finishing any of 

them „C a D habit. 

Ai: begin, undertake, attempt, leave, commence, start, try, plan 

A2: take, have, do, make, say, stop, think, get, avoid 

Bi: without 

B2: hardly, never 

B3: before, not 

Ci: is, becomes 

C2: forms, seems, starts 

Di: bad 

D2: deplorable, pernicious, tenacious, strange 

Score 2 



Ai 




Bi 




Ci 


Di 


Score 1 












A2 




Bi 




Ci ....... 


. Di 


Ai 




B? 


B3 


Ci 


Di 


Ai 




Bt 




Ci 


. D2 


Ai 




Bi 




C2 


Di 


Score 












A2 




-B^ 




. Ci 


. Di 


A2 




Bi 




. C2 


. Di 


A: 


do 




D: when 


.. Ci 


Ai 




B- 


and 


Ci 


Di 



Di 



66 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

30. When two persons A about B which neither 

understands, they C almost D to disagree. 

Ai : talk, converse 

A2: decide, ask, are talking, dispute, argue, speak 

A3: fight, think, talking 

Bi: that, something 

B2: things, matters, anything, objects, a subject 

Ci: are 

Di: sure, certain 

D2: bound, positive, ready, willing, apt, liable 

D3: conclude, agree 

D4: fit, always, very sure 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

Ai Bi C: seem D: always 

Score 1 

Ai Bi Ci D2 

A2 Bi Ci Di 

Ai B2 Ci Di 

Ai Bi C: can D3 

Ai Bi C: usually, will D: have 

Score o 

Ai Bi Ci D4 

A3 Bi Ci ........ Di 

A: are B: something Ci D: ready 

31. One A not, as a B , C attention 

D uninteresting things. 

Ai: can, does, will 
A2: should 
Bi: rule 

B2: student, teacher, necessity, reader, practice 
Ci: give, pay 
C2: attract, call, direct 
C3: fix, put, hold 
Di: to 
Score 2 

Ai Bi, fact Ci Di 

A2 Bi Ci Di 

Ai Bi C2 Di 

Ai B: child Ci Di 

Score 1 

Ai Bi Ci, C3 D: on 

Ai B2 C: place D: in 

Ai B2 Ci Di 

Ai B2 C: maintain D: with 

Ai B2 C: hold D: by 

A: has Bi C: much D: for 

A2 B: idiot, practice Ci Di 

Score 

Ai B: spectator C: keep Di 

A: looks B: tartar C: giving Di 



Key for Scale Beta 67 

3 2 A things are B satisfying to an ordinary 

C than congenial friends. 

Ai : Few 

A2: Many, Some, No, Good, Sometimes, These, More, Those, New, One's, 

Pleasant, Queer, Such, Ordinary, What 

A3: Kind, All, The, Small, Often, Flattering 

B 1 : more 

B2 : less 

Ci: man, person, child, mortal, individual, boy, girl, woman 

C2: friend, companion, stranger, people, acquaintance 

C3: child, boy, girl 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

A: Most B2 Ci 

Score j 

Ai Bi C2 

A: Play Bi C3 

A2 Bi, B2 Ci 

Score 

A3 Bi Ci 

Ai Bi C: one, condition 

Ai B: not C: man 

A2 Bi C: friend 

A2 B: quite Ci 



33. Doesn't it A strange that B people should 

show so much C and D so E excite- 
ment when a sudden loud F is heard? 



Ai: 


seem 


Bi: 


some, many 


Ci: 


fear, alarm 


C2: 


excitement, fear, alarm 


Di: 


cause, make, exhibit 


D2: 


others, some 


D3: 


yet 


Bi: 


much 


E2: 


little 


Fi: 


noise 



Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di Ei Fi 

Ai Bi C2 D2 E2 Fi 

Ai Bi Ci D3 E2 Fi 

Score 1 

Ai B: the, good, nice, all Ci Di Ei Fi 

Ai Bi Ci D2 E: extreme, great Fi 

Ai Bi C: trembling Di Ei Fi 

Score 

Ai B: all Ci D2 E2 Fi 



68 



Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 



34. It is sometimes A.. 

of action. 



to B between two C 



35- 



Ai: difficult, hard 
A2 : necessary 
B 1 : choose 

Ci: lines, modes, courses 
C2: kinds, types 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

A2 B: hesitate Ci 

Score 1 

Ai, A2 Bi, distinguish C2 

A: dangerous B: go C: men 

Score o 

A: safe B: go C: guns 

A that are B to one by an C friend 

should be pardoned D readily than injuries done by 

one E is not angry. 



Ai 
A2 
Bi 
B2 
Ci 
C2 



Injuries 

Insults, Harms, Wrongs, Slights, Offences, Things 
done 

given, rendered 
angry, angered, irate, enraged 

irritated, incensed, old, another, injured, intimate, other, honest, 
innocent, ordinary, unkind 



D 1 : more 
El : who, that 
Score 2 

Ai' 
Score 1 

Ai 

Ai 

Ai 

Ai 

A2 

A: words 
Score o 

A: Things Bi C: unknown Di El 

Ai Bi Ci D: very Ei 



Bi 

Bi 

B2 
Bi 
Bi 
Bi 



Ci 

Ci 
Ci 
Ci 
C2 
Ci 



Di 

Di 

Di 

D: less 

Di 

Di 



Ei 

E: which 
Ei 

Ei 

Ei 
Ei 



B: spoken C: irritated Di El 



36. To A friends is always 

takes. 



.B. 



the 



.C. 



it 



Ai: have, make, win, gain, be, help, keep 

A2: see, satisfy, meet, greet, know, please, find, treat, visit, entertain, 

possess, obtain 
Bi: worth 

Ci: time, effort, trouble 
C2: endeavor, energy, pains, patience, work 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 



Key for Scale Beta 69 



Score 1 

A2 Bi Ci 

Ai Bi C2 

Score o 



Ai B: for, worthy of Ci 

A: win B: better C: longer 

A: our B: given C: best 

37. To eat A one is B is a C pleasure. 



Ai 
A2 
A3 
Ci 



when, whenever 
till, until 
what, whatever 
great, real 



Score 2 

Ai B: hungry Ci 

A2 B: satisfied Ci 

Score 1 

Ai B: well, happy Ci 

A: food, what B: fond of Ci 

A2 B: full, stuffed Ci 

A: heartily B: told, convinced Ci 

A: what, whatever, B: forbidden, given C: doubtful, Ci 

Score o 

A: delicious B: sure Ci 

A: when B: enjoying C: marked 

38. It is A that a full-grown man should B a ghost 

C he is D 

Ai : inconceivable, improbable, impossible, unbelievable 

A2: strange, absurd 

Bi: see 

B2 : fear 

Ci : while, when, if 

C2: unless, except 

Di: sane, sober, awake 

D2: insane, drunk 

D3 : dead 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

Ai Bi C2 D2 

A2 B2 Ci Di 

Score 1 

A: best B: show C: that D: unafraid 

A: said B2 C: if D: wise 

A: foolish B2 C: since D: grown 

A2 Bi Ci Di 

A: unwise B: become C: before, until D3 

Ai B: be Ci D3 

Ai B: believe C: story D: reading 

Score 

A2 B: know C: when D: alone 



70 



Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 



39. One ought to A great care to B the right 

C of D , for one who E bad habits 

F it G to get away from them. 

Ai: use, take, exercise 

Bi: form, choose, acquire, gain, cultivate, develop, adopt, establish, learn, 

teach, begin 

B2: obtain, get, possess, use, have, pursue, make, lead 

Ci : sort, kind 

C2 : habits 

Di : habits 

D2: living, life, working, work, studying, study, speaking, speech, thinking, 

thought, learning, mind, procedure, action, attention, acting 

Ex: has, gains, contracts, forms, acquires 

Fl : finds 

Gi: hard, difficult 

G2: impossible, pays 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di Ei Fi Gi 

Ai Bi C2 D2 Ei Fi Gi 



Score 1 
Ai 
Ai 
Ai 
Ai 
Ai 
A: 
A: 
Ai 
Ai 
G 
Ai 
Ai 

Score o 
Ai 
Ai 



B2 Ci Di Ei Fi Gi 

B2 C2 D2 Ei Fi Gi 

Bi Ci Di Ei, gets, makes Fi G2 

Bi Ci Di Ei F: has, makes Gi 

Bi C2 D2 Ei F: has, makes Gi 

have, give Bi C2 D2 Ei Fi Gi 

have, give Bi Ci Di Ei Fi Gi 

B: be Ci D: person Ei Fi Gi 

B: begin C: way D: living Ei Fi 



B: do C: thing D: course Ei 

. B: do Ci D: things Ei 



Fi 



Fi 



Gi 



Gi 



B: get C: start D: life Ei Fi G 

B: do C: thing D: life Ei Fi Gi 



40. The least difficult A are by no B always the 

most C , D are the E tasks F 

the most disagreeable. 



Ai 
Bi 
Ci 
Di 
Ei 
Fi 



tasks, undertakings 

means 

profitable 

nor 



hardest 
always 

Score 2 

Ai 

Score 1 

Ai 

Ai 

Score 

Ai 



Bi 

Bi 
Bi 

Bi 



C: pleasant, agreeable Di El 



Fi 



Ci, 
Ci 



trifling Di Ei Fi 

Di Ei Fi 



C: pleasing D: although E: hard Fi 



OTHER SENTENCES USED IN ORIGINAL STUDY 

i. The stars A brightly at B 

Ai : shine, shone, gleam, twinkle 

A2 : shines, appear, look, show, sparkle, come out, were shining 
Bi: night 

B2: midnight, evening, seven, last, us, me, you, him, home, 7:30, 8 o'clock 
B3: the sky, the town, city 
Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score 1 

A 1 B2 

A2 Bi 

Score o 

A: shining, are Bi 

A 1 B3 

2. If a person injures one by A , without having intended 

any B , one should C D insulted. 

Ai: accident, chance, carelessness, thoughtlessness 

A2: mistake, words, remarks, talking, gossip, fooling, unthoughtfulness, 
mishap, talk, speaking, fun, ignorance, anything, word, speech, some- 
thing, haughtiness, shoving, pushing, hitting, joking, jokes 

A3: slander, insulting, snubbing, shooting, slapping 

Bi: injury, offence, harm, disrespect, insult, affront 

B2 : wrong, thing, unkindness, hurt, mischief, malice, mishap, trouble 

Ci : not, never 

Di: be, feel, become 

D2: act, get 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

Score 1 

A2 Bi Ci Di 

Ai Bi Ci D2 

A: accident B: accident Ci Di 

Ai B2 Ci Di 

Score 

A3 Bi Ci Di 

3. A shelter A the weather is B appreciated on a 

C day. 

Ai : from 

A2: in, to, for, of 

Bi: greatly, thoroughly, fully, heartily, duly, certainly, usually, highly, 

always, generally, truly, indeed, much, keenly 
B2: rarely, not, seldom 
B3: only, surely, best, well, sincerely, most, fairly, quite, kindly, more, 

better, often, to be, deeply 
B4: very, good, glad, not 

Ci: stormy, rainy, snowy, wintry, cold, bad, hot 
C2: pleasant, beautiful, bright 
C4: damp, summer, wet, warm 
C5: pretty, summer, sunny, warm, good, clear, nice, fine 

5 7i 



72 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Ai B2 C2 

Score i 

Ai B3 Ci 

Ai Bi C4 

A: against Bi Ci 

Ai B: not C5 

Score 

Ai B4 Ci 

A2 Bi Ci 

4. A reasonable A of sleep and rest is B in order 

to C a high D of efficiency. 

Ai: amount 

Bi: necessary, imperative, essential, desirable 

Ci: maintain, attain, achieve, reach 

C2: have, hold, keep 

C3: have, gain, secure 

C4: make, keep, hold 

D 1 : degree 

D2: standing, amount, quality 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci Di 

Ai Bi C2 D: standard 

Score 1 

Ai B: desirable C: give Di 

Ai B: best Ci Di 

Ai Bi C3 D2 

Ai Bi C4 D: grade, state 

Ai Bi C2 D: position 

Score o 

A 1 B: best C: do D: piece 

5. Sympathetic A are B to dumb C 

people, boys, men, girls, women, persons, children 

Lrinri crr\r\A 



Ai 
Bi 
Ci 
C2 
C3 



kind, good 
animals 
persons 
people 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci, C2 

Score 1 

Ai Bi C: ones, friends 

A: pats B: pleasant Ci 

A: characters, friends Bi Ci, C2 

A: signs B: best C2 

A: persons B: sympathetic Ci, C2 

A: words B: kind, nothing Ci 

A: feelings, hearts B: shown Ci, C2 



Key for Other Sentences 73 



Score 

A: things, actions Bi Ci, C2 

A: people B: often Ci 

A: children B: not C: to learn 

A: forms B: used C3 

A: always B: good C3 



6. A boy A run B than a C. 



Ai 
A2 

A3 
Bi 
B2 

B 3 
Ci 
C2 



can, will, may 

could, should 

can 

further, better, faster 

quicker, sooner, more, swifter 

rather, sooner, oftener 

baby, girl 

mile 



Score 2 

A 1 Bi Ci 

Score 1 

A3 B: more C2 

A: cannot B: faster C: horse 

A: likes to B: better, more C: girl, man 

A2 Bi Ci 

A: should, has, can't B: more C2 

Ai, A2 B2 Ci 

A3 B: faster C: snail, cat, rat, dog 

A: always B: faster Ci 

A3, will, should Bi C: man 

Ai, A2, will B3 Ci 

Score 

A3 B: fast C: man 

A: took B: and C: jump 

A: who B: more C2 



7. A joke A one's self is seldom thoroughly B. 



Ai : on, upon, about 
Bi: appreciated, enjoyed 

B2: pleasant, told, seen, played, known, reasonable, good, funny, explained, 
expressed, kept, liked 

Score 2 

Ai Bi 

Score 1 

Ai B2 



A: to, with B: funny 

A: by B: amusing 



Score 



A: about B: queer 

A: in, of B: finished 

A: with, in B: true, good 



74 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

8. One feels A inclined to work B it is C. 



Ai : little, less 
A2 : much 
Bi: when, if 
Ci: hot, warm 
C2: hard 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

A2, more Bi C: cold, cool 

Score 1 

A 1 B: after C: dark 

Ai Bi C: winter, nice 

A: dis, not, seldom, himself Bi, while C: hot 

A: very B2 cold, interesting 

A: seldom, really, rather Bi C: necessary 

A: himself, A2 Bi C: time, important 

A: well Bi C: easy, interesting 

A: often Bi C: raining 

A: not B: for C2 

A2 B: though C2 

Score 

A: so, too, very, almost, it Bi C: hot, day 

9. Birds have A which enable them to B through 

the C 

A 1 : wings 
Bi: fly 
B2: go 

Ci: air, woods, streets, sky, clouds, country, meadows 
Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci 

Score 1 

Ai B2 Ci, wind, world 

A: food B: eat C: winter 

A: wing, foods Bi Ci 

A: nests B: sleep, rest C: night 

A: beaks B: pick C: summer 

A: feathers Bi Ci 

A: power Bi Ci 

A: feathers B: live C: winter, cold 

A 1 Bi C: place 

Score o 

A: instincts, trees B: live C: year 

A: that B2 C: air 

A: incense B: wander C: world 

A: homes Bi C: winter 

10. One cannot A his B thoroughly C 

he has good teeth. 



Ai 


chew, masticate 


A2 


eat 


Bi 


food 


Ci 


unless 


C2 


until 



Key for Other Sentences 75 

Score 2 

Ai Bi Ci, C2 

Score i 

A: grind, bite, eat Bi, meals, supper Ci,X2 

A: do B: work Ci, C2 

A: have B: health Ci 

A: spoil B: looks C: when, if 

Ai Bi C: without 

A: maintain B: health Ci 

Score o 

A2, chew Bi C: when, if, because, though 

A: clean B: teeth C: when 

A: keep B: teeth C: clean, Ci 

A: have B: way C2 



3. Calculation of Median Score in Language Scales 

Each child who spends the allotted amount of time in an at- 
tempt to complete the sentences of any of the language scales 
should be given as a total score the sum of the number of points 
made upon the individual sentences contained in the scale. For 
example, the child who completes perfectly the first three 
sentences of Scale B, and almost perfectly the fourth sentence in 
this scale, should be given a total score of seven points on Scale 
B (2+2+2 + 1 = 7). Such a score on one seven-minute scale 
should not under any circumstances be used as a measure of the 
ability of the pupil. At least three such short scales should be 
used if one wishes to determine the ability of an individual pupil. 

To find the ability of the class on any language scale, it will be 
necessary to take into consideration the total score made by each 
child in the class on that scale. A distribution should therefore 
be prepared showing the scores made by the members of the 
class. This distribution should indicate the number of pupils 
in the class who make a score of zero, the number making a score 
of one, the number making a score of two, the number making a 
score of three, and so on for each step up to twenty, the highest 
possible score in Scales B to F. As examples of this sort of dis- 
tribution, we may take the following: 

Number of Times Each Score was Made in Language Scale C 

Score 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Total 



Group X ..3584322.1 

Group Y ....1.235643212.... 
Group Z 22354.6342 



28 
29 

32 



There are 28 individuals in Group X, 29 individuals in Group 
Y, and 32 individuals in Group Z. The only adequate compari- 
son of these three groups is such a table as that shown above, 
or a surface of distribution representing the same facts. The 
average score, or even the median score, is in itself inadequate as 
a measure of the group, although it is usually desirable to cal- 
culate the median as an indication of the central tendency of the 
group's ability. 

The median point of any distribution is that point on the scale 
which divides the distribution into two exactly equal parts. 

76 



Calculation of Median Score 77 

When the scales are very crude, and measurements of small 
numbers of individuals are being considered, it is not worth while 
to locate the median point any more accurately than by indi- 
cating upon what step of the scale it falls. In the case of carefully 
derived scales, however, it is often desirable, especially where the 
group to be measured is reasonably large, to locate the exact 
point within the step on which the median falls. This median 
point in the case of the scales here presented may well be cal- 
culated to the tenth of a unit. 

Since there are 28 individuals in Group X of the distributions 
shown above, the median point will evidently fall between the 
fourteenth and the fifteenth individuals. If we begin with the 
three individuals making a score of 2, and count up through the 
five individuals making a score of 3, we should have to count out 
six of the eight individuals making a score of 4 in order to arrive 
at the point upon each side of which an equal number (14) of 
papers were scored. 

It now becomes necessary to define the fourth step. Some of 
those scored four may have been worth just barely 4 points, 
while others of this group may have been worth almost 5 points. 
It is impossible, of course, to know at just what points between 
these two extremes each of the eight individuals was located. 
The best single assumption to make, and the one which should 
always be made, is that those individuals scoring upon any single 
step of a scale are distributed along the step at equal distances 
from each other. We may therefore assume that the eight indi- 
viduals scored upon step 4 range from 4.0 to 4.999 and lie at 
equal distances from each other along this range. 

If we count out six, therefore, of the eight individuals who 
scored on step 4, we shall arrive at a point which is approximately 
4.7. 4.7 is therefore the median point of Group X. 

Similarly there are 29 individuals in Group Y. The middle 
case is the fifteenth individual who is the fourth of the six scored 
on step 9. This individual has fourteen persons scored above 
him in ability and fourteen persons scored below him in ability. 
The median point, therefore, will lie at the middle of that fraction 
of the step assigned to him. In order to reach this point it will 
be necessary to count out three and a half of the six individuals 
scored on step 9, which brings us to 9.6, the median of Group Y. 

Group Z presents a peculiar problem in the calculation of its 



78 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

median. There are 16 individuals above score 14, and 16 indi- 
viduals below score 14. Probably the wisest assumption to make 
is that the four individuals scored on 13 take up all of the thir- 
teenth step and that the six individuals scored upon 15 take up 
all of that step. If this is assumed, the median falls upon step 
14, probably at 14.5, since any given distance on a scale is 
best represented by its middle point. 

The 25 percentile and the 75 percentile are to be found in a 
manner similar to that for finding the median, counting into the 
distribution one-fourth of the total number of cases for the first, 
and three-fourths of the total number of cases for the second. 

4. Standard Scores on Language Scales 1 

In order to stimulate comparisons between groups of school 
children, certain tentative standard scores were estimated and 
included in the original monograph dealing with the completion- 
test language scales. The statement was made at the time that 
the "estimates are more likely to be too low than to be too high," 
and experience has shown that the estimates were distinctly too 
low. On the basis of extensive trials in their present form, it is 
now possible to furnish a useful set of standards for Scales B, 
C, D, and E. Scores on Language Scale F will be about 1 point 
less than scores on Scales B to E, and in the higher grades pos- 
sibly 2 points less. Scale F is intended as a substitute for 
Scales B to E, but to be used only after the previous four 
have been employed. 

The median B, C, D, or E score of any school grade, in which 
the pupils are from white, middle-class, English-speaking homes, 
and in which the English language has been well taught and care- 
fully used, should, at the middle of the term (where the semi- 
annual promotion scheme is used), or at the middle of the year 
(where promotions are made annually), be approximately as given 
in the table on page 79. 

The total range of scores in any given class should usually not 
be more than 12 points, and the middle fifty per cent of the scores 
in any school grade should fall within a range of 2 points above 
and 2 points below the median. Greater variability within a 
class or grade is certain to result in very unequal degrees of 

1 Completion-Test Language Scales. Teachers College Contributions to Edu- 
cation, No. 77. 



Standard Scores 



79 



understanding of the subject matter taught in the class. Ex- 
treme variability of scores within a grade is evidence of careless or 
inaccurate classification of the pupils. 



School 
Grade 


Semester or 
Half Grade 


Scales 
B, C, D, or E 

Median Score 


Second 


(" Low 2nd 
( High 2nd 


f 3 - 8 
4.8 

I 5-8 


Third 


f Low 3rd 
i High 3rd 


f 7-4 
8.0 

[ 8.6 


Fourth 


( Low 4th 
\ High 4th 


r 9.6 

10. o< 

{ 10.4 


Fifth 


C Low 5th 
1 High 5th 


fil.l 

11. 4 

[ 11. 6 


Sixth 


( Low 6th 
{ High 6th 


[ 12.2 

12.4 

[ 12.6 


Seventh 


f Low 7th 
i High 7 th 


f 13. 1 
I 13.6 


Eighth 


f Low 8th 
J High 8th 


f H- 1 

14-4 

14.6 



The score made by any individual pupil on a single short scale 
is not an adequate measure of his language ability. A fairly 
adequate index of individual ability may be found by testing the 
pupil on three or on all four of the Scales B, C, D, and E,and using 
as a final measure the average score obtained. Although the chief 
purpose of the short scales is to serve as a means for comparing 
groups and classes, the average score obtained by an individual 
pupil on several short scales is a valuable index of individual 
capacity and will be useful in checking up the accuracy with which 
pupils have been classified in school. 

The standard scores given below for high-schoo 1 classes are not 
as accurately determined as those given above for elementary- 
school classes, but they are based on actual tests of high-school 



8o 



Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 



pupils and are much better than the guess any reader would make 
for himself. As was stated above, the middle fifty per cent of a 
class should score within 2 points of its median on Scales B, C, 
D, or E. The middle fifty per cent should score within I? 
points of the median on Scales J or K, and within 4 points of the 
median on Scales L or M. The following class medians may be 
expected in a "classical" high school made up of middle-class 
white pupils who are accustomed to hearing the English language 
well used. 



High School 
Class 


Scales 
B, C, D, or E 

Median Score 


Scales J or K 
Median Score 


Scales L or M 
Median Score 


I 

II 
III 
IV 


15 -2 

16.0 
16.7 
17-4 


7-5 
8.6 

9-4 
10. 


7-5 

9.2 

10.5 

"■5 



The writer would be pleased to receive copies of the distribu- 
tions of scores made by the pupils in various sections of the coun- 
try, particularly scores obtained from high-school classes. 



5. Kelley's Arrangement for Individual Testing 

Professor Truman L. Kelley has made an arrangement of the 
completion-test problems which will give in a single examination 
a fairly accurate measure of the language completion ability of an 
individual. 1 The short scales presented in the foregoing pages 
and in the original monograph were designed primarily for the 
measurement of school classes. In order to measure an individual 
pupil with any degree of accuracy, it would be necessary to test 
him with at least three of the short ten problem scales and to 
use the average of the three resulting scores as the final measure 
of the individual's ability. Professor Kelley's rearrangement of 
the completion-test sentences consists of two equivalent sets or 
exercises, each exercise consisting of forty sentences arranged 
in order of their difficulty, from very easy sentences at the 
beginning to very difficult sentences at the end. The two sets 
or exercises arranged by Professor Kelley are as follows : 

1 Truman L. Kelley: "Individual Testing with Completion-Test Exercises," 
Teachers College Record, Sept., 1917, pp. 371-382. 



Kelley's Arrangement for Individual Testing 81 

COMPLETION EXERCISE ALPHA 

Name Age Grade 

Write only one word in each empty space to make the whole sentence sound sensible 
and right. 

0. We like good boys girls. 

1. I like to go to 

2. The sky ..blue. 

3. Ice is cold, but fire is 

4. The stars and the will shine tonight. 

5. The plays her dolls all day. 

6. Good boys kind their sisters. 

7. During the weather the boys play in the shade. 

8. Boys must be rude to mothers. 

9. The boy will his hand if plays with fire. 

10. Time often more valuable money. 

11. Hard makes tired. 

12. The rises the morning and at night. 

13. Hot weather comes in the and weather the 

winter. 

14. The child the river was drowned. 

15. She if she will. 

16. It is good to hear voice friend. 

17. The boy who hard do well. 

18. Boys who play mud get their hands 

19 the weather is one should wear heavier than 

when it is 

20. It is a task to be kind to every beggar for 

money. 

21. The happiest and contented man is the one lives a busy 

and useful 

22. In to maintain health, one should have nourishing 



23. Many people their health because do not the 

of hygiene. 

24. A home is merely a place one live comfortably. 

25. It is very to become acquainted persons who 

timid. 

26. One's do always express his thoughts. 

27. The is always shining storm-clouds sometimes it 

us. 

28. Children should that after all nobody is to care much 

more their success than parents. 

29 are times in the of almost of us when we „ 

for a long life. 

30. One's real appears often in his than in his speech. 

31. Extremely old sometimes almost as care as 



32. To to wait, after having to go , very 

annoying. 

33. The seems and dreary a discouraged _. 

34. The knowledge of use fire is of impor- 

tant things known by but unknown animals. 

35 want are often caused by 



82 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

36. In order clearly at it is to _ 

artificial 

37. One's in life upon so factors it is not 

to state any single for failure. 

38 a rule one association friends. 

39. One can do his at one while of another. 

40. The future of the stars and the facts of history are _ 

now once for all, I like them not. 

COMPLETION EXERCISE BETA 

Name - Age Grade 

Write only one word in each empty space to make the whole sentence sound sensible 
and right. 

0. We are going school. 

1. I see you. Can you see ? 

2. The boy has book. 

3. I to school each day. 

4. Men older than boys. 

5. I see man and the boy. 

6. The wind the dust into our eyes. 

7. Here is a man who do it. 

8. The little and his dog running a race. 

9. Boys and soon become and women. 

10. The rude child does not many friends. 

11. Children should many lessons from parents. 

12. The are often more contented the rich. 

13. A drink is very refreshing to a who is 

14. Children to pick 

15. Brothers sisters should always to help other. 

16. Children are rude not easily win friends. 

17. One can not foretell will happen in the 

18. The rose is a favorite because of fragrance and _. 

19. The poor little has nothing to ; he is hungry. 

20. It is hard keep getting on a rainy day. 

21 and rain plants 

22. Men more to do heavy work women. 

23. When one angry he should forth an effort _ 

his actions. 

24. The of your and mother is your brother. 

25. Worry never improved a situation but has made condi- 

tions 

26. The best advice usually obtained one's parents. 

27. Sleep both and body. 

28. The sun is so that one can not directly 

causing great discomfort to the eyes. 

29. To many things ever finishing any of them a 

habit. 

30. When two persons about which neither understands, 

they almost to disagree. 

31. One not, as a , attention uninteresting 

things. 
32 things are satisfying to an ordinary than con- 
genial friends. 



Kelley's Arrangement for Individual Testing 83 

33. Doesn't it strange that people should show so much 

and so excitement when a sudden loud 

is heard? 

34. It is sometimes to between two of action. 

35 tnat are -. to one by an friend should be par- 
doned readily than injuries done by one is not angry. 

36. To friends is always the it takes. 

37. To eat one is is a pleasure. 

38. It is that a full-grown man should a ghost he 

is 

39. One ought to great care to the right of 

, for one who bad habits it to get 

away from them. 

40. The least difficult are by no always the most , 

are the tasks the most disagreeable. 

No time limit is set for the completion of the sentences in 
either of the two exercises shown above, but the papers in any- 
class may be taken up as soon as all but three or four individuals 
have stopped work. The time for completing one of the above 
exercises will vary therefore from twenty minutes with very young 
children to three quarters of an hour or more with older persons. 

The calculation of the final score of an individual on either of 
the above exercises is to be in terms of the difficulty of the sen- 
tences on which the individual has an even chance of success or 
failure. To say that Mary's score on Exercise Alpha is 8.25, 
indicates therefore that, if Mary should attempt to complete a 
number of sentences having a difficulty of 8.25, she would make 
just half of the total possible number of credits on them. This 
method of measuring a person, by the difficulty of those tasks 
which he can do in only about half the cases, is quite useful and 
scientific, and is really not difficult after it has been used a few 
times, although at first sight it may appear somewhat compli- 
cated to the untrained teacher. 

The individual sentences on each blank are first looked over 
and marked 2, 1 or o, according to the adequacy of the words 
written in the blanks, just as is done with the shorter scales 
originally published for measuring classes. 1 The scores on the 
individual sentences of an exercise are then added, not for the 
exercise as a whole as is done with the short scales, but for groups 
of sentences, five sentences in each group. Each pupil tested 
receives therefore eight partial or "raw" scores. One raw score 



1 The detailed scoring scheme for each sentence in Exercises Alpha and Beta 
will be found on pp. 43-70. 



8 4 



Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 



is obtained for the first five sentences, another for sentences six 
to ten, another for sentences eleven to fifteen, and so on for each 
group of five sentences. 

As an example, we may imagine that an individual, John, has 
tried to complete the sentences in Exercise Alpha and has made 
the following raw scores: 



On sentences 


I 


to 5, 


a score 


of 10 


" 


" 


6 


" io, 


11 11 


" 10 


« . 


ii 


II 


"15. 


11 11 


" 10 


ii 


ti 


16 


"20, 


11 ii 


" 10 


ii 


" 


21 


"25, 


" " 


" 8 


ii 


" 


26 


"30, 


11 11 


" 5 


ii 


a 


31 


"35. 


11 11 


" 2 


ii 


a 


36 


" 40, 


a tt 


" 



The above partial or "crude" scores are not adequate as a 
final measure of the individual's ability. To secure a scientific- 
ally accurate measure one must consider the above in connec- 
tion with the degree of difficulty of each group of sentences. 
The sentences of Exercise Alpha, and also of Exercise Beta were 
selected and grouped by Professor Kelley in such a way that the 
average difficulty of each group is approximately as follows: 



Average 
Difficulty 
... 2.00 ... 



Sentence 
Group 

i-5 

6-10 4.00 

11-15 6.00 

16-20 7 .CO 

21-25 - - — • 8 00 

26-30 „ „ 9.00 

31-35 - 10 .00 

36-40 11 .00 



Mid-point or Average 
of Two Groups 



3.00 
5 00 
6.50 
7 -50 
8.50 
9 -50 
10.50 



The following calculating sheet is printed on the back page of 
each test blank for convenience in determining the score of the 
pupil whose record the blank contains. 



Kelley's Arrangement for Individual Testing 



85 



RECORD AND CALCULATING SHEET 

For Calculating Individual Performance Levels on Completion 

Test Exercises Alpha and Beta 



I 

Group of 
Sentences 


II 

Average 
Difficulty 


III 
Raw 
Score 


IV 
Decrease in 
Raw Scores 


V 

Mid-point 
Between Groups 


VI 

Products 

IV xV 




— 1 .00 

0.00 

1. 00 

2.00 

4.00 

6.00 

7.00 

8.00 

9.00 

10.00 

11.00 

12.00 

13.00 

14.00 

15.00 

16.00 


Est. 
Est. 
Est. 




— s 








1 
3 
5 
6 

7 
8 

9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 


5 
5 



5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 










1-5 










6-10 












11-15 










16-20 












21-25 










26-30 










31-35 










36-40 






Est. 
Est. 
Est. 
Est. 
Est. 






































10 









Name 

Age Grade 

School 

Score Individual's score is found by dividing the sum of 

products in column VI by the sum of decreases in 
column IV. 

Upon this table the eight raw scores of any individual should 
be entered and the calculations made. The raw scores used in 
a previous paragraph as an example would be entered and the 
calculations made as indicated in the table on page 86. 1 

1 For a slightly different method of arriving at the score of each pupil, see 
Van Wagenen, M. J., "Table for Computing Mean Individual Scores in Edu- 
cational Scales," Teachers College Record, Vol. XXI, pp. 441-5 1 (Nov., 1920). 



86 



Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 



I 

Group of 
Sentences 


II 

Average 
Difficulty 


III 
Raw 
Score 


IV 
Decrease in 
Raw Scores 


V 

Mid-point 

Between Groups 


VI 

Products 

IV x V 


i- 5 


2.00 
4.00 
6.00 
7.00 
8.00 
9.00 
10.00 
11 .00 


10 
10 
10 

JO 

8 

5 
2 






3.00 
5.00 
6.50 
7- 50 
8.50 
9-50 
10.50 




6-10 






11-15 






16-20 


2 


150 


21-25 


3 


25 -5 


26-30 
31-35 


3 

2 


28.5 
21.0 


36-40 








10 






)oo.o(q.o 



It will be observed in column III that John made a perfect 
score of 10 points on each of the first four groups of sentences. 
In the group of sentences from 21 to 25, however, John secured 
only 8 out of a possible 10 points, so that between group 16-20 
and group 21-25 there is a decrease in raw score (noted in column 
IV) of 2 points. The average value or mid-point between these 
two groups, between which there is a decrease of 2 points raw 
score, is 7.5 (shown in column V). The product (15.0) of 2 and 
7.5 is therefore entered in column VI. 

Between the group of sentences 21-25 and the group 26-30 
there is a decrease of 3 points raw score and an average value of 
8.5. The product (25.5) is therefore entered in column VI. 
The sum of all the products finally entered in column VI is at 
last found and divided by 10, the sum of the decreases entered in 
column IV. The result of this division gives the difficulty value 
(9.00) at which the particular individual, John, would probably 
succeed or fail in an equal number of cases in his attempts to 
complete mutilated sentences. 

It is quite evident, however, that very young children will not 
make a raw score of as much as 5 points on the easiest group of 
sentences (group 1-5). Some provision must therefore be made 
for estimating what a given raw score on the easiest group, 
which has a difficulty value of 2.00, would mean on another group 



Kelley' s Arrangement for Individual Testing 



87 



of difficulty 1. 00, or on a group of difficulty 0.00, or even on a 
group of difficulty — 1.00. Similarly, we must provide for 
estimating from the raw scores made by superior individuals on 
the most difficult group of sentences (group 36-40). which has a 
difficulty of 11.00, what scores would be made on more difficult 
groups if such were provided. Professor Kelley also points out 
that in using the method here described it is necessary that the 
easiest difficulty considered should bring about a raw score of 
10 and the hardest difficulty a score of o. The range of difficul- 
ties in Exercises Alpha and Beta is too limited to fulfill this re- 
quirement in all cases, and therefore the following tables are 
provided by Professor Kelley for use in estimating raw scores 
for difficulties 1.00, 0.00 and — 1.00 from actual raw scores on 
the group 1-5, which has a difficulty of 2.00; and for estimating 



Actual Score on 


Estimated Score on Difficulty 


Difficulty 2.00 


1. 00 


0.00 


— 1 .00 


9 

8 


10 


10 


10 


9 


10 


10 


7 
6 


9 


10 


10 


.. 8 


10 


10 


5 

4 

3 


7 


9 


10 


6 


8 


10 


. 5 


7 


10 


4. 


6 


10 




3 


5 


10 




. 


5. 


10 













Estimated Score on 


Difficulty 




Difficulty 11.00 


12.00 


13.00 


14.00 


15.00 


16.00 


1 

2 

3 







..0 .... 


.... 













.... 










.... .... 


.... 










...0 .... 


.... 





2 


... I .... 


.... 


.... 





5 

6 

7 

8 




1 


....0 .... 


.... 







2 


I .... 


.... 







-z 


.... I .... 


.... 





6 . 




2 .... 


1 .... 





9 




s 


3 .... 


1 .... 
















88 



Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 



scores for difficulties 12.00, 13.00, 14.00, 15.00 and 16.00 from 
actual raw scores on group 36-40, which has a difficulty of 11.00. 
It frequently happens that an individual will make for some 
reason a higher raw score on one group of sentences than he made 
on a previous group which is in general less difficult. In such a 
case the decrease in score to be entered in column IV will be a 
negative quantity. In the case of the individual reported below, 
for example, 9 points were secured on the 36-40 group while only 
8 points had been secured on the easier 31-35 group. The de- 
crease entered in column IV is therefore -1, and the product 
entered in column VI is -10.5. The following example also 
illustrates the use of estimated scores for values not actually 
contained in Exercises Alpha and Beta. 



I 

Group of 
Sentences 


II 

Average 
Difficulty 


III 
Raw 

Score 


IV 
Decrease in 
Raw Scores 


V 

Mid- point 
Between Groups 


VI 

Products 
IV xV 




— 1 .00 

0.00 

1. 00 

2.00 

4.00 

6.00 

7.00 

8.00 

9.00 

10.00 

11.00 

12.00 

13.00 

14.00 

15-00 

16.00 


Est 
Est. 
Est. 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 
8 

9 

7 Est. 
5 Est. 
J Est. 
/Est. 
oEst. 




-■5 
•5 
1-5 
3-0 
5-0 
65 
7-5 
8-5 
9-5 
10.5 

11 5 

12.5 
13.5 

14-5 
15-5 
















1-5 






6-10 






11-15 






16-20 






21-25 






26-30 

31-35 
36-40 


2 
— 1 


19.0 

-10.5 


2 


23.0 




2 


25.0 




2 


27.0 




2 






1 


29.0 










10 


)I28. 0(12.8 



Difficulty Value of Each Sentence 89 

Professor Kelley proposes tentative norms for Exercises Alpha 
and Beta. It will be remembered in using them that they are 
for difficulty values obtained by the method just described and 
that they are not related in any way to the scores obtained by 
the simpler method from Scales B, C, D or E, described in ear- 
lier sections of this pamphlet. 

Tentative Norms 

For Completion Exercises Alpha and Beta 

Age Norm 

7 i.i 

8 1.9 



9 3-i 

10 5.0 

11 6.2 

12 6.7 

13 7-1 

14 7-3 

15 7 6 

16 8.2 

17 8.7 

18 9.0 



Grade 


Norm 


II 


2.2 


Ill _ 


3 


7 


IV 


6 





V 


6 


7 


VI 


7 


1 


VII 


7 


4 


VIII 


7 


8 


IX 


8 


5 


X 


8 


9 


XI 


9 


3 


XII 


9 


5 


College Graduate 


11 


4 



The age norms given above are for persons in school and there- 
fore higher than would obtain for the general population. Psy- 
chological examinations in the United States Army have demon- 
strated that the average "mental age" of the general population 
is about 13.5 on the Stanford Revision of the Binet Scale. The 
average adult should not, therefore, be expected to make a score 
above 7.2 on Exercise Alpha or Exercise Beta. 

6. Difficulty Value of Each Sentence 

Detailed distributions of scores on each sentence were fur- 
nished in the previous edition of "Completion-Test Language 
Scales," in order that other investigators might make use of the 
methods and results in any way that seemed desirable. Since 
the chief purpose of this reprint is to furnish a "key" to the 
Language Scales, only the final estimated difficulty of each sen- 
tence will be furnished here. 

The unit of difficulty is the P. E., or median deviation from 
the median of a school grade, assuming that within each school 
grade the abilities of children in completing these sentences are 



90 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

distributed around the median for the grade in accordance with 
the "normal surface of frequency." 

The arbitrary zero point selected for the scales is a point I 

P. E. below the difficulty of the sentence "We are going 

school." Giving this sentence a value of i.oo, each other sen- 
tence is given its proper value in relation to this degree of diffi- 
culty. The difference between a sentence of value 2.00 and a 
sentence of value 3.00 is equal to the difference between a sen- 
tence of value 10.00 and a sentence of value 1 1 .00; is half as great 
as the difference between a sentence of value 4.00 and a sentence 
of value 6.00 ; and is one tenth as great as the difference between 
a sentence of value 1.00 and a sentence of value 11.00. 

The differences between consecutive sentences in Scales B, 
C, D, E and F are in each case as near 1 P. E. as it was possible 
to get with the sentences which had been evaluated. In Scales 
J and K the differences are about one and a half units between 
consecutive sentences, and in Scales L and M the differences are 
about one half of a unit in each case, except that the last sentence 
in each of these two scales is about one unit more difficult than 
the next-to-the-last. 

In the list of values which follow, the number of each sentence 
in the author's original report is given along with the number in 
this brief "key." Those sentences which in the original study 
were numbered from 1 to 56 are most definitely evaluated, since 
their values are based upon the records of several thousand pupils. 
Sentences which in the previous report were numbered from 57 
to 72 are well evaluated, while those numbered higher than 72 
are only fairly well measured, as results from only about 500 
pupils were used to secure these last values. 

Sentences Included in Language Scale B 



ntence 


Number in 


Difficulty 


ale B 


1st Report 


Value 


1 


I 


.96 


2 


6 


1.98 


3 


8 


2.94 


4 


22 


4.26 


5 


23 


5 -40 


6 


31 


6.50 


7 


35 


7.42 


8 


38 


8.42 


9 


48 


9-50 


10 


54 


10.76 



Difficulty Value of Each Sentence 9 1 

Sentences Included in Language Scale C 



Sentence 


Number in 


Difficulty 


Scale C 


ist Report 


Value 


I 


2 


1.38 


2 


5 


2.52 


3 
4 


12 


3-58 


- 19 


4-47 


5 


24 


5 69 


6 


30 


6.95 


7 


37 


7-85 


8 


44 


8-95 


9 

IO 


53 


10.05 


56 


11. 17 


Sentences 


Included in Language Scale D 


Sentence 


Number in 


Difficulty 


Scale D 


ist Report 


Value 


I 


4 


1 .00 


2 


76 


1.97 


3 

4 
5 


ii 


3-31 


21 


4.40 


63 


5-54 


6 


27 


6.67 


7 
8 


7i 

42 


7.64 


8.86 


9 

IO 


51 


9.78 


84 


10.85 



Sentences Included in Language Scale E 

Sentence ' Number in D v ^ 

Scale E ist Report value 

1 73 * 8 

75 lii 

, 7 3-34 

18 4-42 

5 58 5-55 

6 25 6.32 

7 34 731 

8 36 8 ^ 
q 52 9- 2 9 

10 83 x°.55 



Sentences Included in Language Scale F 
Sentence Number in Difficulty 

Scale F ist Report Value 

77 i • y 

11 (2.40)? 

?o 3-41 



2 

3 



6 99 

68 



7.27 
8.28 



7 °° o 

9.28 
10. 

18 85 "-5 8 



8 50 Tn R 

9 96 I048 



92 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

Sentences Included in Language Scale J 

Sentence Number in Difficulty 

Scale J ist Report Value 



1 29 4 

2 61 5 

3 64 7 

4 41 8 

5 93 9 

6 87 10 

7 89 12 



Sentences Included in Language Scale K 



Sentence Number in Difficulty 

Scale K ist Report Value 

1 16 4.15 

2 57 5- 



3 28 7 

4 33 8 

5 82 9 

6 90 10 

7 86 12 



Sentences Included in Language Scale L 



Sentence 


Number in 


Scale L 


1st 


Report 


1 




60 


2 




66 


3 




70 


4 




65 


5 




32 


6 




92 


7 




78 


8 




97 



Difficulty 
Value 
6.83 
7.40 
7.91 
8.38 

8.91 

9.71 
10.14 
11 .11 



Sentences Included in Language Scale M 



Sentence 


Number in 


Difficulty 


Scale M 


ist 


Report 


Value 


1 




67 


6-93 


2 




59 


7.46 


3 




95 


7-94 


4 




79 


8.48 


5 




45 


9.04 


6 




9i 


9.88 


7 




55 


10.19 


8 




88 


11 . 14 



Difficulty Value of Each Sentence 
Sentences Included in Completion Exercise Alpha 



93 



Sentence 


Number in 


Difficulty 


Sc. Alpha 


1st Report 


Value 


I 


77 


1 .09 


2 


2 


1.38 


3 


75 


1.63 


4 


8 


2-94 


5 


11 


3-31 


6 


12 


3-58 


7 


not included 1 


? 


8 


13 


4 03 


9 


16 


4 15 


10 


22 


4.26 


ii 


63 


5-54 


12 


24 


5 69 


13 


57 


5-98 


14 


25 


6.32 


15 


3i 


6.50 


16 


27 


6.67 


17 


30 


6-95 


18 


26 


7.00 


19 


107 


6.96 


20 


34 


7 3i 


21 


71 


7.64 


22 


70 


7.91 


23 


95 


7-94 


24 


43 


8.29 


25 


4i 


8-37 


26 


32 


8.91 


27 


81 


8.92 


28 


47 


9 03 


29 


46 


9.04 


30 


49 


9.20 


3 1 


93 


9-53 


32 

33 


92 
9i 


9.71 
9.88 


34 

35 


53 
96 


10.05 
10.48 


36 


83 


io.55 


37 
38 


87 
84 


10.75 
10.85 


39 


97 


11 .11 


40 


89 


12.31 



» Sentence No. 7 of Exercise Alpha was one of those in the Preliminary List 
used in the original study by the author but was discarded and not evaluated, 
except by Dr. Kelley, who included it in this exercise. 



94 Key for Completion-Test Language Scales 

Sentences Included in Completion Exercise Beta 



Sentence 


Number in 


Sc. Beta 


1st Report 


i 


73 


2 


74 


3 


76 


4 


5 


5 


3 


6 


17 


7 


9 


8 


20 


9 


29 


10 


21 


ii 


58 


12 


61 


13 


102 


14 


98 


15 


105 


16 


60 


17 


67 


18 


64 


19 


28 


20 


69 


21 


72 


22 


37 


23 


94 


24 


68 


25 


36 


26 


42 


27 


62 


28 


44 


29 


45 


30 


50 


31 


82 


32 


. 5i 


33 


not included 1 


34 


78 


35 


55 


36 


54 


37 


90 


38 


88 


39 


56 


40 


85 



ifficulty 


Value 


1 


.18 


1 


.28 


1 


•97 


2 


•52 


3 


33 


3 


.66 


3 


76 


4 


.09 


4 


. 12 


4 


.40 


5 


55 


5 


85 


6 


15 


6 


16 


6 


7i 


6 


83 


6 


93 


7 


02 


7 


04 


7 


16 


7 


55 


7 


85 


8 


15 


8 


28 


8 


32 


8 


86 


8 


92 


8 


95 


9 


04 


9 


28 


9 


56 


9 


78 




? 


10 


14 


10 


19 


10 


76 


10 


79 


11 


14 


11 


17 


11 . 


58 



1 Sentence No. 33 of Exercise Beta was one of those in the Preliminary List 
used in the original study by the author but was discarded and not evaluated, 
except by Dr. Kelley, who included it in this exercise. 



Difficulty Value of Each Sentence 95 

Other Sentences Evaluated but Not Included in Any Language Scale 

Sentence Number in . Difficulty 

Kev ist Report Value 

1 15 4.8i 

2 39 8 "5 8 
, 40 8 -46 
I 80 8.59 
1 100 7.58 



6 101 t\ 2 

; 103 8.60 

o 106 6.76 

A 108 9-o8 



10 



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